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In 2023, a water quality study found that 86% of groundwater sources in Mongolia’s Gobi region failed to meet safety standards, mainly due to high water hardness and heavy metal contamination. While a lot of research has focused on removing heavy metals, much less attention has been given to reducing water hardness. This research explores natural clinoptilolite zeolite (1–2 mm) for water hardness reduced. Zeolite was activated using a planetary ball mill, with optimalconditions (150 rpm, 5 minutes, 3 mm balls). Under these conditions, batch adsorption showed effective Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal, with synthetic hardness water (28.5 mg-eq/L, 18 mg-eq/L) and the groundwater (11 mg-eq/L, 2.5 mg-eq/L) samples reaching regulatory standards in 780 minutes and 30 minutes. Batch adsorption experiments using synthetic hard water and both activated and natural zeolite reduction in total hardness by 50–70 %, with calcium ion removal by 70–86 % and magnesium ion by 26–39 %. Results demonstrate that natural zeolite is an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly material for softening hard water
Natural zeolites are versatile minerals with a range of applications due to their unique properties, such as ion exchange, adsorption, and molecular sieving. Natural zeolites have been increasingly used in various application areas such as industry, environmental protection, medicine, and agriculture. Mongolian Gobi region groundwater has high hardness, heavy metal pollution, and high salinity. This research studied the possibility of purifying the hardness and heavy metal-polluted water of the Gobi region by mechanochemical activation of natural zeolite. We mainly explored the effect of experimental conditions, such as rotation speed, ball diameter, milling duration as well as ball to powder ratio and ball filling ratio, on the activation of natural zeolites. Natural zeolite activation by the mechanochemical method was determined with minimal energy consumption and optimal conditions at rotation speeds of 100, 150, and 200 rpm, milling times of 3, 5, and 10 minutes, and ball sizes of 1, 3, 5 mm using a planetary ball mill. When carrying out absorption at the optimal mechanochemical value, standard hardness water was calculated from the measurement values of Ca+2 and Mg+2 in plant A, and batch absorption was performed for 30-1440 minutes and the mass of absorbent material was 1, 5 , 10 g, the hardness decreased as the mass of the absorbent material and the time of absorption increased. The initial Ca+2 ion concentration was 580-600 ppm, after 780 minutes it reached the standard content of 100 ppm, and after 1440 minutes it became 75 ppm, which was included in the drinking water standard. We explored the potential of mechanochemical activation as a viable method for enhancing the utility of natural zeolites in groundwater purification applications, contributing to more sustainable water management practices.
