Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
To date, a total of 3,041 native taxa belonging to 653 genera and 111 families have been recognized in Mongolia. Among these, approximately 200 species are woody plants, including trees, shrubs, and subshrubs in the country. In this book, we provide wild photo illustrations for over 120 woody plants, accompanied by detailed photographs highlighting important characteristics for each species. Particularly, the photographic illustrations focus mainly on tree and shrub species. Additionally, we include the common name, Mongolian name, synonym, distribution across phytogeographical regions, habitat, and conservation status for each species. Furthermore, we have compiled a checklist of woody plant species categorized into trees, shrubs, and subshrubs based on various sources in Mongolia. The checklist contains 206 woody plants (including 38 tree species, 151 shrub species, and 17 subshrub species) belonging to 59 genera and 29 families. This book serves as a fundamental guideline for students, researchers, and local individuals interested in woody plants.
Dashzeveg Oyuntsetsega , Batlai Oyuntsetsega , Gun-Aajav Bayarmaaa & Shukherdorj Baasanmunkhb aDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia,. bDepartment of Biology & Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea. 54 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF GENUS SWERTIA (GENTIANACEAE) IN MONGOLIA The genus Swertia L. exhibits a broad global distribution across many geographic regions. This genus is classified within the Gentanaceae family, which is a major group of Angiosperms. It encompasses a substantial number of species, over 170 in total. Swertia species are herbaceous plants that exhibit annual, biennial, or perennial life cycles (Ho & James, 1995; Joshi, 2015). These plants are distributed over multiple continents, including Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe (Ho & James, 1995; Joshi & Joshi, 2008; Yang et al., 2022). The majority of identified Swertia species are primarily found in Asia, with China having the highest number at 75 species (Ho & Lui, 2015; Li et al., 2019). Nepal follows with 29 species (Rijal & Joshi, 2007; Shrestha, 2013), and India with 32 species (Singh, 2021). According to the most recent revised and updated checklist of vascular plants in Mongolia, there are a total of 3041 native vascular taxa belonging to 653 genera and 111 families (Baasanmunkh Shukherdorj, 2022). Based on the provided checklist, it is observed that the taxonomic group Gentanaceae Juss. encompasses a total of eight genera and 32 taxa. Notably, within this group, the genus Swertia L. is represented by four distinct species, namely Swertia banzragczii Sanchz, Swertia dichotoma L., Swertia marginata Schrenk, and Swertia obtusa Ledeb. These findings have been documented by Baasanmunkh et al. (2022). This study focused on the taxonomic revision of the genus Swertia in Mongolia, incorporating both morphological and genetic evidence. The Swertia species distribution covers areas mostly with high species richness Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Khentei, Mongolian Daura, Khuvsgul, and Khovd (Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh, 2022). Based on the DNA barcoding study utilizing nuclear and cytoplasmic markers (ITS; rbcL), it has been observed that the species under investigation can be categorized into three distinct clades. In addition, we have supplied point distribution maps, detailed descriptions, and vivid photographic pictures for each individual species. Keywords: Swertia, DNA barcoding, clade, nuclear and cytoplasmic marker
Fritillaria dagana Turcz. has a restricted global distribution, occurring only in southern Siberia and northern Mongolia. Concerning its restricted distribution and endangered conservation status, we aimed to forecast its current and future suitable habitats as well as distribution shifts for 2050 and 2080. The Maxent model with different scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) was used to analyze 113 georeferenced records of F. dagana using 19 bioclimatic factors from the WorldClim database. As a result, the amount and variance of precipitation and temperature, together with elevation, were shown to be the most significant factors affecting the species’ distribution. In particular, precipitation during the plant growing season had the greatest impact (55.2% variability) on the species distribution. Climate change was expected to cause a minor shift in the distribution of suitable habitats toward the north and an increase in habitat continuity, indicating that the climate will become more favorable for the growth of species and in the future. The species' highly suitable area will remain primarily concentrated in its current potential distribution area in central Siberia (around Lake Baikal). The species’ conservation status was determined to be near threatened, emphasizing the great relevance of facilitating proper conservation measures for F. dagana.
