Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
Dashzeveg Oyuntsetsega , Batlai Oyuntsetsega , Gun-Aajav Bayarmaaa & Shukherdorj Baasanmunkhb aDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia,. bDepartment of Biology & Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea. 54 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF GENUS SWERTIA (GENTIANACEAE) IN MONGOLIA The genus Swertia L. exhibits a broad global distribution across many geographic regions. This genus is classified within the Gentanaceae family, which is a major group of Angiosperms. It encompasses a substantial number of species, over 170 in total. Swertia species are herbaceous plants that exhibit annual, biennial, or perennial life cycles (Ho & James, 1995; Joshi, 2015). These plants are distributed over multiple continents, including Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe (Ho & James, 1995; Joshi & Joshi, 2008; Yang et al., 2022). The majority of identified Swertia species are primarily found in Asia, with China having the highest number at 75 species (Ho & Lui, 2015; Li et al., 2019). Nepal follows with 29 species (Rijal & Joshi, 2007; Shrestha, 2013), and India with 32 species (Singh, 2021). According to the most recent revised and updated checklist of vascular plants in Mongolia, there are a total of 3041 native vascular taxa belonging to 653 genera and 111 families (Baasanmunkh Shukherdorj, 2022). Based on the provided checklist, it is observed that the taxonomic group Gentanaceae Juss. encompasses a total of eight genera and 32 taxa. Notably, within this group, the genus Swertia L. is represented by four distinct species, namely Swertia banzragczii Sanchz, Swertia dichotoma L., Swertia marginata Schrenk, and Swertia obtusa Ledeb. These findings have been documented by Baasanmunkh et al. (2022). This study focused on the taxonomic revision of the genus Swertia in Mongolia, incorporating both morphological and genetic evidence. The Swertia species distribution covers areas mostly with high species richness Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Khentei, Mongolian Daura, Khuvsgul, and Khovd (Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh, 2022). Based on the DNA barcoding study utilizing nuclear and cytoplasmic markers (ITS; rbcL), it has been observed that the species under investigation can be categorized into three distinct clades. In addition, we have supplied point distribution maps, detailed descriptions, and vivid photographic pictures for each individual species. Keywords: Swertia, DNA barcoding, clade, nuclear and cytoplasmic marker
Fritillaria dagana Turcz. has a restricted global distribution, occurring only in southern Siberia and northern Mongolia. Concerning its restricted distribution and endangered conservation status, we aimed to forecast its current and future suitable habitats as well as distribution shifts for 2050 and 2080. The Maxent model with different scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) was used to analyze 113 georeferenced records of F. dagana using 19 bioclimatic factors from the WorldClim database. As a result, the amount and variance of precipitation and temperature, together with elevation, were shown to be the most significant factors affecting the species’ distribution. In particular, precipitation during the plant growing season had the greatest impact (55.2% variability) on the species distribution. Climate change was expected to cause a minor shift in the distribution of suitable habitats toward the north and an increase in habitat continuity, indicating that the climate will become more favorable for the growth of species and in the future. The species' highly suitable area will remain primarily concentrated in its current potential distribution area in central Siberia (around Lake Baikal). The species’ conservation status was determined to be near threatened, emphasizing the great relevance of facilitating proper conservation measures for F. dagana.
Field surveys were conducted in the northern part of Mongolia in 2017 and 2018. Vascular plants floristic data are based on collections from the study area and over 800 new collections made in this study. In total, 289 taxa (8 subspecies and 6 variates) were identified, representing 173 genera from 60 families of vascular plants. The families most diverse in species were Rosaceae with 28 taxa, followed by Ranunculaceae (25 taxa), Asteraceae (19 taxa) and Fabaceae (19 taxa). The largest genera were Salix with 11 species, followed by Viola (9 species) and Carex (9 species). Thirty-seven taxa are newly recorded for Mongolian Dauria (8), Khangai (8), Khentei (4) and Khuvsgul (17) regions, respectively. Several threatened species were found during the field area. We provide photographs and distribution maps for species of Cypripedium (C. calceolus L., C. guttatum Sw., C. macranthos Sw. and C. ventricosum Sw.). In addition, Campanula cervicaria was newly recorded for the flora of Mongolia.
The Munkhkhairkhan mountain area is a unique highland ecosystem with a diverse regional alpine flora. This mountain habitat is located at the overlap of different floristic regions: on its western side KazakhstaneTuran flora is dominating, and on the eastern side East Asian flora is observed. It is known that the whole area has a large number of endemics and rare plant species, because of its specific, harsh habitat conditions. Therefore, the flora of different habitats in the Munkhkhairkhan mountain needs to be investigated and properly protected. Munkhkhairkhan National Park has been founded in 2006, and our survey concentrated on the protected area as well as the surrounding areas of the mountains. All recorded species in this study were based on the collected voucher specimens. Conservation status for remarkable species was also reviewed based on the literature. As a result, we recorded 40 families, 150 genera, and 267 species of vascular plants, including four endemic and 34 subendemic species and 15 species’ new distribution notes. Around the Munkhkhairkhan mountain, 16 very rare, 21 rare, eight endangered, and two near threatened species are growing, indicating the high conservation value of this area and the necessity for research.
