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Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) combines scientific knowledge with community involvement to manage a variety of common pool resources (CPR) in a sustainable manner. In Mongolia, CBNRM has been implemented to manage rangelands in response to severe winters and rangeland degradation. In particular, Hustai National Park (HNP) has faced challenges due to the increased number of livestock which has led to exceeding the carrying capacity of the Buffer Zone rangelands despite efforts to implement CBNRM since 2004. The overarching question guiding the research is: How have CBNRM principles been implemented at HNP? In order to answer the research question, the research design employed the case study method, with HNP as the case. A convergent parallel design was utilized. Data collection methods consisted of survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and archival document reviews. Survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain data from the stakeholder groups, which consisted of HNP officials, local government officials, and herders. The research revealed that CBNRM principles have not been fully implemented for protecting the Buffer Zone rangelands. More specifically, most CBNRM principles have not been met; the use of a top-down approach has been employed; and there are conflicts between CBNRM principles and interpretations of the Mongolian Constitution. Furthermore, the research indicated that CBNRM principles have not protected the Buffer Zone rangelands, as evidence indicates the state of the Buffer Zone rangelands has moved to a degraded state between 2010 and 2020, primarily due to overgrazing. Also, the study suggests that there have been some improvements; however, CBNRM methods have generally failed to improve the livelihood of the majority of herders. Therefore, the research emphasizes the need for a more effective implementation of CBNRM principles at HNP.
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) combines scientific knowledge with community involvement to manage a variety of common pool resources (CPR) in a sustainable manner. In Mongolia, CBNRM has been implemented to manage rangelands in response to severe winters and rangeland degradation. CBRM programs, which were started in the early 2000s in response to a series of severe winters and ecological deterioration, have helped herder user groups establish the authority to collectively manage pasture use. Research shows that in addition to enhancing pasture governance, CBRM has major socioeconomic advantages, such as improved community leadership, increased collaboration, easier access to resources and information, and a reduction in poverty. For sustainable rangeland management in Mongolia and elsewhere, CBNRM provides a workable and locally relevant framework.
The article discusses theoretical understanding of conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists, causes of conflicts between crop farmers and herders within the Buffer Zone of Hustai National Park, Mongolia, impacts of crop farming and livestock husbandry within the Buffer Zone, factors mitigating and exacerbating conflicts, current ways of conflict resolution, and possible strategies for preventing conflicts.
The community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approach, as implemented at Hustai National Park (HNP), has not resulted in success in protecting the Buffer Zone rangelands nor has it ensured the long-term sustainability of neighboring herders’ communities. This research investigated how CBNRM principles have been implemented at HNP, Mongolia as a means of protecting its buffer zone rangelands. The presence, execution or absence of each principle was investigated to determine each principle’s efficacy. The research will utilize the case study approach with a mixed method design to obtain a comprehensive understanding the CBNRM principles for protecting the critical buffer zone rangelands. Sixty questionnaires (phase I) and 40 interviews (phase II) will be performed with the main stakeholders responsible for managing the buffer zone rangelands. The stakeholders included officials of HNP, members of current and previous Buffer Zone Council, and members of herders’ communities located within the Buffer Zone of HNP. The research findings showed that more than half of the principles were inappropriately employed and that each herder community actually set their own rules. In addition, the research identified that the uncertainty of regulations and laws in Mongolia made the implementation of CBRNM principles challenging. Therefore, CBRNM principles have not been successful in protecting the buffer zone rangelands.
