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Language is the primary tool of human communication and serves as a mirror of a people's way of thinking, culture, and worldview. However, no language exists in complete isolation; every language inevitably interacts with others and is shaped through mutual influence. This dynamic process is referred to as language contact or linguistic influence. As a result of contact with foreign languages, a language may incorporate new vocabulary, experience shifts in meaning, and, in some cases, undergo structural changes at the phonological, morphological, or syntactic levels. These changes are often linked to broader social, cultural, and political factors that create conditions for borrowing and adaptation. This paper explores the phenomenon of language contact from a sociolinguistic perspective. It examines the theoretical foundations behind linguistic influence, the causes and categories of lexical borrowing, and the social and cultural implications of these processes. In particular, the paper focuses on the case of the Mongolian language as spoken in Inner Mongolia, where the influence of Chinese has led to notable linguistic integration. Through this case study, the paper seeks to shed light on how contact-induced change reflects not only linguistic adaptation, but also deeper sociocultural dynamics.
The development of space technology is of paramount importance for conducting many activi-ties in outer space and is the greatest driving force for the development of the space exploration industry. We have considered the development of China's space technology from the perspective of domestically manufacturing and developing satellites, space launch vehicles, spacecrafts, and space research station, and using them to conduct new space research. All of this represents a major breakthrough and achievement in the development of China's space exploration indus-try. While the number of Chinese satellites continues to increase, their quality, standards, ca-pacity, and performance continue to surpass those of previous generations of satellites. An important indicator of China's space technology development is that it is producing all its space research equipment and technology domestically, including its satellites, space-crafts, lunar probes, Mars probes, and space station. At the same time, they are establishing their own "Space Launch Site" to launch them into space, and from there, it is also being deliv-ered to space orbit by several space launch vehicles, including the "Changzheng" series, which were also designed by its own scientists and engineers.
Set expressions of Zoonyms were drawn from dictionary in both Chinese and Mongolian, 306 entries from the Mongolian dictionary and 295 from the Chinese dictionary were chosen for analysis, which included the names of 17 common animals present in both languages. These entries were organized into five categories which included phrases with names of livestock, domestic pets, aquatic creatures, other types of animals, and phrases that mention two or more animal classifications. In addition, the study explored the meanings behind metaphors and analogies found in these phrases, along with their connotations of praise, neutrality, and criticism. In the two languages, the phrases expressing negative connotations represented the majority, comprising 48% in Mongolian and 63.4% in Chinese. Conversely, phrases with a positive connotation were the least frequent in both Mongolian and Chinese animal-name-based dictionaries.
A feature of Chinese grammar, the sentence with “把 (ba)” is a frequently used sentence form in modern Chinese. Chinese is a language with an invariant root structure, while Russian is a complex language with many functions, so the syntactic structure of these languages is very different. In this article we will discuss how the sentence with “把 (ba)” was rendered in Ageev's Russian translation of the novel “Wolf Totem” which is a modern famous work of the Chinese writer Jiang Rong. The structure of the sentence with “把 (ba)” is quite complicated, and we first look at “把” which occurs in the novel “Wolf Totem” according to Fan Xiao's classification based on the features of the sentence with “把 (ba)” in Chinese. Sentences with “把 (ba)” were classified. According to these 9 categories, the Russian translation of those sentences was analyzed, and the method used in its translation and the structure of the Russian translation were considered.
Домог үлгэрт ертөнцийн юмс үзэгдлийн мөн чанарыг эртний гэнэн цагаан сэтгэлээр тайлбарлахыг оролдсон хүн төрөлхтний ухамсрын өвөг үеийн дүр зургийг илэрхийлсэн байдаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаандаа “Эрхий мэргэн” хэмээх монгол үндэстний домог үлгэр ба “Хөү И нарыг харвасан нь” хэмээх хятад үндэстний домог үлгэрийн дүр хийгээд өгүүлэмжийг харьцуулан судалсан юм. Мэргэн харваачийн тухай монгол, хятад хоёр үндэстний домог үлгэр нь дүр болон өгүүлэмжийн хувьд хэд хэдэн адил тал хийгээд ялгаатай талууд байна. Гэхдээ ялгаатай талууд нь адил талаасаа илүү олон байгаа бөгөөд түүний дотор монгол, хятад хоёр үндэстний соёлын ялгаанаас үүдэлтэй ялгаа ч байна. Хятад домог үлгэр нь уран сэтгэмжийн хувьд баялаг байна. Монгол домог үлгэрийн хувьд, тарвага ба алаг даага хэмээх амьтад хэрхэн үүссэнийг өгүүлж байгаагаараа мөн амьтны үүслийн тухай өгүүлэмжтэй домог үлгэртэй холбогдож байгаа онцлогтой байна.
Cao Yu, a well-known contemporary Chinese playwright, wrote the four-act stage play "The thunderstorm", in 1933 which depicts the social situation in China before and after 1923, a period of great change in Chinese society. In this article, we aim to analyze the events and characters of the play. The analysis and synthesis method was firstly used to analyze the relationships, attitudes, and actions between the main and supporting characters, and from their interactions, analyzes their personalities, inner thoughts, attitudes, and natures, and then summarized them. The characters, their destinies, their personalities, their inner worlds and worldviews, their relationships and conflicts in “The thunderstorm” are really complex. In the play, Zhou and Lu tell the tragic story and sin of the family of an old Chinese society through the complexities of the lives of eight people from two families 30 years ago and after. During this time, both the Zhou and Lu families underwent changes, and as the older members grew older, they also changed mentally, creating new conflicts between them.
