Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
Phylogenetic analysis of a region of mitochondrial cox-1 as a DNA barcode marker sequence of Gazella subgutturosa (goitered gazelle) in Mongolia. Gazella subgutturosa, a vulnerable species, is threatened by illegal hunting for meat and sport. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox-1) is used as a DNA marker to distinguish mammalian species for the investigation of illegal hunting. In this study, we sequenced a part of the cox-1 gene (709 bp) of six Mongolian G. subgutturosa individuals. Our DNA sequences were clustered in a clade of Gazella which is distinct from other clades of mammalian species in the phylogenetic tree. Our findings suggest that DNA sequences can be useful in the investigation of illegal hunting.
Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue specimens of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in 10 different locations Mongolia. D-loop part of genome was amplified by PCR and was subjected to DNA sequencing. Determined sequences from 18 specimens were registered with the GenBank and accession numbers were obtained. A total of 54 complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of wild boars available with NCBI GenBank were taken as a reference for comparison with that of Mongolian wild boars. Sequence alignment, detection of parsimonious informative sites, model selection, calculation of nucleotide distances, and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree construction with 1000 bootstrapped replications were conducted using MEGA X software. Maximum Likelihood trees were constructed by the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) model. The results of the study showed that geographic location played an important role in sequence divergence between wild boars from various locations. Most of them were grouped together according to their respective geographic locations, except for several individuals. It is highly likely that the Mongolian subpopulation of wild boars, such as S. scrofa raddianus and S. scrofa nigripes, have had the same ancestor. In order to fully evaluate the distribution, ecology, and biology of Mongolian wild boars, it is essential to compare supplemental gene sequences that can reveal phylogenetic differences from the populations in the neighboring areas, such as Russia, northeast China, and Kazakhstan. The results of this study will be useful and informative for the protecting and conserving of wild boars in Mongolia.
Current understanding of phylogeographical structure and genetic diversity of Siberian roe deer remains limited mainly due to small sample size and/or low geographical cov-erage in previous studies. Published data suggest at least two phylogroups: western (Ural Mountains and Western Siberia) and eastern (east from lake Baikal, including the Korean peninsula), but their phylogenetic relationship remains unclear. Combined se-quences of cytochrome b(1140 bp) and the mtDNA control region (963 bp) were ana-lyzed from 219 Siberian roe deer from 12 locations in Russia, Mongolia, and South Korea, which cover a large part of its range, to assess genetic diversity and phylogeo-graphical status. Special emphasis was placed on the demographic history and genetic features of central, peripheral, and isolated populations. Results of median- joining net-work and phylogenetic tree analyses indicate that Siberian roe deer from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean are genetically diverse and that geographical distribution and com-position of haplogroups coincide with previously described ranges of the subspecies Capreolus pygargus pygargusand Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus. We found that pe-ripheral populations in the northwestern parts of the species range (Urals), as well as the isolated population from Jeju Island, are genetically distinct from those in the core part of the range, both in terms of genetic diversity and quantitative composition of haplogroups. We also found that northwestern (Urals) and northern (Yakutia) periph-eral populations share the same haplogroup and fall into the same phylogenetic clade with the isolated population from Jeju Island. This finding sheds light on the taxonomic status of the Jeju Island population and leads to hypotheses about the discordance of morphological and genetic evolution in isolated populations and specific genetic fea-tures of peripheral populations.
