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Hot springs are natural features resulting when ground water is heated by geothermal forces and brought to the surface, typically becoming diluted with cool surface water on the way. Hot springs are natural water that have specific chemical composition and provide therapeutic activity in the human body. Mongolia has approximately 250 spring waters (cold and hot) that provide Mongolian National Standard. Here are hot springs with nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas and methane. The 40 of 250 spring water located in Western part of Mongolia (Namnandorj O., 1966). The aim of this study were (1) to identify water physico-chemical characteristics of spring waters in Western Mongolia and (2) to evaluate chemical composition of spring waters. The forty water samples were collected from selected points of nine hot springs. The present study was carried out hydrochemical study of hot spring’s waters in two regions where Altai and Khangai mountains in Western Mongolia. The water temperature in hot springs were measured from 230С to 550С as warm and hot water springs. In the Khangai region, water temperature of hot springs was observed higher than in Altai region. The hot springs were classified Na-SO42- type and concentration of SiO2, F- and B were analyzed 71.9-132 mg/l, 2.30-13.0 mg/l and 0.070-0.240 mg/l respectively in Khangai region. Therefore, hot springs in Altai region were classified as Na, Ca-HCO3- and Na-HCO3- type and content of SiO2, F- and B were analyzed 38.6-74.1 mg/l, 1.10-4.10 mg/l and 0.010-1.46 mg/l respectively. The water constitutes of hot spring in studied area depend on geological condition and originate from the volcanic.
According to the hydrogeological zoning in the western region of Mongolia, there are 9 hot springs such as Gantz mod, Chikhertei, Aksu, and Indert hot spring of Mongol-Altai mountains, and Otgontenger, Khojuul, Zart, Tsetsuuh, and Ulaan Khaalga of Khangai mountains. In this study, we selected these hot springs as research objects. The aim was to determine the chemical composition and chemical composition of the mineral rocks dissolved in the springs, determine the water-rock interaction, determine the temperature of the underground hot water in the springs, and determine the depth of circulation of the underground reservoir. The hot springs in the western region are saturated with minerals such as albite (NaAlSi3O8), anortite (CaAl2Si2O8), calcite (CaCO3), fluorite (CaF2), mica (KAl3Si3O10(OH)2), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) which indicates the formation of carbonate and silicate mineral sediments. This suggests that the major ions contained in the hot spring depend on the nature of the rocks dissolved in it. Sulfate ions in water are directly related to the presence of iron and sodium oxides in the minerals, which are formed by the solubility of minerals such as gypsum, and celecite into water. The chemical composition of the hot springs in the western region included HCO3-Na, SO4-Na, HCO3-SO4-Na, and SO4-HCO3-Na types with a temperature of 23.5-45.5°C in an alkaline environment and the mineral rocks contain albite, orthoclase, dolomite, calcite and mica.
According to the hydrogeological zoning in the western region of Mongolia, there are 9 hot springs such as Gantz mod, Chikhertei, Aksu, and Indert hot spring of Mongol-Altai mountains, and Otgontenger, Khojuul, Zart, Tsetsuuh, and Ulaan Khaalga of Khangai mountains. In this study, we selected these hot springs as research objects. The aim was to determine the chemical composition and chemical composition of the mineral rocks dissolved in the springs, determine the water-rock interaction, determine the temperature of the underground hot water in the springs, and determine the depth of circulation of the underground reservoir. The hot springs in the western region are saturated with minerals such as albite (NaAlSi3O8), anortite (CaAl2Si2O8), calcite (CaCO3), fluorite (CaF2), mica (KAl3Si3O10(OH)2), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) which indicates the formation of carbonate and silicate mineral sediments. This suggests that the major ions contained in the hot spring depend on the nature of the rocks dissolved in it. Sulfate ions in water are directly related to the presence of iron and sodium oxides in the minerals, which are formed by the solubility of minerals such as gypsum, and celecite into water. The chemical composition of the hot springs in the western region included HCO3-Na, SO4-Na, HCO3-SO4-Na, and SO4-HCO3-Na types with a temperature of 23.5-45.5°C in an alkaline environment and the mineral rocks contain albite, orthoclase, dolomite, calcite and mica.
According to the hydrogeological zoning in the western region of Mongolia, there are 9 hot springs such as Gantz mod, Chikhertei, Aksu, and Indert hot spring of Mongol-Altai mountains, and Otgontenger, Khojuul, Zart, Tsetsuuh, and Ulaan Khaalga of Khangai mountains. In this study, we selected these hot springs as research objects. The aim was to determine the chemical composition and chemical composition of the mineral rocks dissolved in the springs, determine the water-rock interaction, determine the temperature of the underground hot water in the springs, and determine the depth of circulation of the underground reservoir. The hot springs of Mongolia-Altai region have a temperature of 23.3-33°C or warm, pH 8.3-9.19 alkaline environment and chemical composition is Aksu, Gantzmodi spring HCO3-Na, Chikhertei spring HCO3-SO4-Na, Indert hot spring SO4-Na. It was determined that the springs of Khangai region have a temperature of 33-45.5°C, pH 8.36-9.56 alkaline environment, Zart, Tsetsuuh, and Ulaan Khaalga springs belong to the SO4-Na type, and Khojuul and Otgontenger springs belong to the HCO3-SO4-Na type. It was found that the chemical composition of the hot springs of Mongolia-Altai region depends on the altitude, and the mineralization increases from northwest to southeast, from HCO3-Na to HCO3-SO4-Na, and to SO4-Na in the lowlands. The temperature of the underground reservoir of hot springs in the western region was determined to be 98-134°C by chemical geothermometry. When calculating the depth of the underground reservoir of these hot springs, it was proved that they are 26003300 meters below the surface in Mongolia-Altai region, and 1500-1600 meters in Khangai region. Underground hot water in western region of Mongolia can be developed for direct use, such as thermal energy, greenhouse farming, fish breeding, snowmelt, bathing, swimming pools, water sports, spas, and nature tourism. Furthermore, it was also determined that the temperature of underground hot water is 98-134°C, so it is possible to extract electricity by using the binary system.
In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient
