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Nowadays it is impossible to live another second without space technology and information gathered from space. The rapid pace of the development of satellite wildlife tracking tools has left little time for thorough testing of new equipment and identifying possible sources of technical failures. Remote sensing data are some of the most effective input data for developing country like M ongolia. In particular, multispectral and hyperspectral space - borne and airborne data are widely used to study changes in land use and land cover. Further different natural and anthropogenic processes including fire detection, snow mapping, and grassland / rangeland vulnerability are mapped and evaluated by remote sensing data. This paper describes the current situation concerning the satellite big data in Mongolia. Within the scope of the paper, challenges and solutions related to the satellite big data have been reviewed.
Using unnamed aircraft vehicle (UAV) during cleanup operations after natural disasters have already become a reality in over 30 developed nations/countries. Even thou it has been 20 years since the use of UAV has become worldwide, this technology has only entered our nation in 2006. Due to not having manuals or professionals, this field of technology has been in stuck in a research level. In this research, a small area in 7 buudal of Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar was mapped based on experience from foreign nations to study the possibilities in mapping natural disaster zones using UAV.
The occurrence of unfelt seismic activity around Ulaanbaatar City has been increasing since 2005, and particularly since 2009, to the extent that the Capital Area of Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by four faults that can produce earthquakes of a magnitude of 7 on the Richter Scale (M7). Based on a 2000 simulation, the National Academy of Mongolia estimated that 300 buildings and 60,000 residents would be affected, if a M7 earthquake were to strike Ulaanbaatar City. In the first three months of 2015, a total of 328 earthquakes were recorded, with 188 in the Emeelt area. Since 2015, a new earthquake swarm has been observed near the Gunt area, north of Ulaanbaatar.
Mongolia is a seismically active country with strong events exceeding M=6.0 occurring each year. The strongest seismicity is connected with Mongolian Gobi Altai mountain range, with was formed during the Indian-Eurasian Lithospheric plates collision (e.g. Tapponnier & Molnar 1979). Seismicity in Mongolia is also connected with Sibirian Lake Baikal rift system which continues south to the Mongolia region-a deep rift valley now filled with Lake Khovsgol in Northern Mongolia. Much of the territory of Mongolia is located in highly seismic areas of Central-Asian seismic belt and is subjected to frequent and large earthquakes. Its western half is particularly seismically dangerous. Only in twentieth century more than 60 earthquakes with M>5.5 (7 to 11-12 - intensity) occurred here, among which tens of earthquakes were responsible for severe destruction of the earth surface. Four earthquakes have been recorded in Mongolia since 1906 in the range of M7.4 to M8.1. A cluster of exceptionally large earthquakes in the interior of Asia occurred from 1905 to 1967: the 1905 M7.9 Tsetserleg and M8.4 Bolnai earthquakes, the 1931 M8.0 Fu Yun earthquake, the 1957 M8.1 Gobi-Altai earthquake, and the 1967 M7.1 Mogod earthquake (sequence). Each of the larger (M8) earthquakes involved strike-slip faulting averaging more than 5 m and rupture lengths of several hundred kilometers (Walker et al. 2008).
Mongolia is a very special country; it has a total land area of 1,564 million sq. km and a population of 3 million people (NSO, 2015). These physical, social and economic conditions in contrasting human habitats are sharpened by strong cultural identities which define Mongolians’ rapidly changing requirements for productive livelihoods, human security and physical protection from disaster risks. The country is exposed to several types of serious natural hazards. Parts of the country and particularly the densely populated capital area are subject to potentially severe seismic activity. The periodic and particularly severe Mongolian dzud is a natural hazard that combines extreme weather conditions which decimate herds which are already weakened by summer drought conditions. Droughts, floods (in urban and rural areas), steppe and forest wildfire, storms and agricultural vermin are other hazards that combine climatic effects, changing environmental conditions, and increasingly challenging economic conditions that characterize a perilous hazard- scape in Mongolia. Therefore, different time series satellite data from different source are very important for monitoring, management and research.
Mongolia is a very special country; it has a total land area of 1,564 million sq. km and a population of 3 million people (NSO, 2015). These physical, social and economic conditions in contrasting human habitats are sharpened by strong cultural identities which define Mongolians’ rapidly changing requirements for productive livelihoods, human security and physical protection from disaster risks. The country is exposed to several types of serious natural hazards. Parts of the country and particularly the densely populated capital area are subject to potentially severe seismic activity. The periodic and particularly severe Mongolian dzud is a natural hazard that combines extreme weather conditions which decimate herds which are already weakened by summer drought conditions. Droughts, floods (in urban and rural areas), steppe and forest wildfire, storms and agricultural vermin are other hazards that combine climatic effects, changing environmental conditions, and increasingly challenging economic conditions that characterize a perilous hazard-scape in Mongolia. Therefore, different time series satellite data from different source are very important for monitoring, management and research. The drought estimation methodology using long term NDVI data was developed in 2005 (M.Bayasgalan, 2005) and this technology was upgraded and applied by MODIS data. Wildfires can result in significant, long-lasting impacts to ecological, social, and economic systems. The objectives of this study were to generate fire risk assessment in order to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of wildland fires and drought in the eastern Mongolia. The research is focused on mapping the land cover types in the study area, identify developing a fire risk and drought model to identify fire prone areas using parameters such as grassland cover types, topography, road network, habitation, rivers and weather parameters. The locations of the wildfires have been registered by National Emergency Management Agency from 2000 to 2015, to map wildfire occurring pattern in the study area. In Mongolia, the temperature has risen by 1.5 degrees Celsius, and springtime precipitation has fallen by 17% over the last 60 years. One peak is from March to mid-June which accounts for 80% of all fires, while the other peak is from September to October which accounts for 5% of all fires.
