Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
The world has an aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and do its best against climate change. As part of this goal, vehicle manufacturers are in the process of transitioning from vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) to hybrid and pure electric vehicles. This transition covers a wide variety of transporting from usual passenger vehicles to heavy-duty mining trucks, which has rapidly increased the number of electric vehicle (EV) users. However, the existing battery technologies used in EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) still have the shortest lifetime among the other components of EVs and HEVs, such as motors, inverters, and chargers. Because of this reason, the battery pack needs to be serviced more frequently, and the owners have to spend a lot of time and expenses on it. In this study, capacity, internal resistance, and temperature variation of the NiMH battery that is equipped with most HEVs on the road are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, a new approach of online state observation for NiMH batteries is proposed. The mathematical calculation of the proposed approach is provided and the experimental study was conducted in order for the verification of the proposed approach.
The world has an aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and do its best against climate change. As part of this goal, vehicle manufacturers are in the process of transitioning from vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) to hybrid and pure electric vehicles. This transition covers a wide variety of transporting from usual passenger vehicles to heavy-duty mining trucks, which has rapidly increased the number of electric vehicle (EV) users. However, the existing battery technologies used in EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) still have the shortest lifetime among the other components of EVs and HEVs, such as motors, inverters, and chargers. Because of this reason, the battery pack needs to be serviced more frequently, and the owners have to spend a lot of time and expenses on it. In this study, capacity, internal resistance, and temperature variation of the NiMH battery that is equipped with most HEVs on the road are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, a new approach of online state observation for NiMH batteries is proposed. The mathematical calculation of the proposed approach is provided and the experimental study was conducted in order for the verification of the proposed approach.
Хураангуй—Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар гибрид авто машинаас гарсан хаягдал батарейг дахин сэргээж бусад хэрэглээнд ашиглах боломжийг судалсан. Учир нь манай оронд импортоор орж ирж байгаа авто машин нь үйлдвэрийн баталгаат хугацаа нь дууссан, насжилт өндөртэй тээврийн хэрэгслүүд орж ирдэг. Үүнийгээ дагаад хаягдал батарей ихээр гарах болсон. Бидний дэвшүүлж буй арга нь манай оронд дахин боловсруулах үйлдвэр байхгүй учир баттерейг дахин сэргээж бусад цахилгаан тоног төхөөрөмжид ашиглах гэр ахуйн хэрэглээнд нэвтрүүлэх бөгөөд туршилтын үр дүнгээс хаягдал батарейг дахин ашиглах боломжтой гэж үзсэн.
Нийлмэл дүрсэн гурван хэмжээст (цаашид 3D гэх) дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрсийн харагдах өнцөг маш бага байдаг. Харагдах өнцгийг ихэсгэсэн арга нь тодорхой өнцгүүдэд давхардсан нийлмэл 3D дүрсийг үүсгэдэг дутагдалтай. Тиймээс энэ судалгааны ажлаар тухайн хүний байрлалаас хамаарч Цэгэн гэрэл үүсгэгч (цаашид PLS гэх) 3D дэлгэцийн арын гэрэл үүсгэгчийг удирдан давхардлыг арилгахыг зорив. Ажиглагчийн 3D дүрстэй үүсгэх өнцгөөс хамаарч дэлгэцийн арын гэрлүүдийг удирдахад PLS дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрс давхардалгүй харагдана. Бид энэ аргыг хэрэгжүүлэхдээ уламжлалт аргаар ажиглагчийн байрлалыг тодорхойлохдоо нэмэлт төхөөрөмжийг тухайн хүнд байрлуулаагүй. Гэрэл үүсгэгчтэй давхар камер байрлуулж хүний царайг илрүүлж, ажиглагчийн харж байгаа өнцгийг тодорхойлон гэрэл үүсгэгчийг удирдсанаар PLS дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрс нь давхардалгүй харагдах болсон.
Нийлмэл дүрсэн гурван хэмжээст (цаашид 3D гэх) дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрсийн харагдах өнцөг маш бага байдаг. Харагдах өнцгийг ихэсгэсэн арга нь тодорхой өнцгүүдэд давхардсан нийлмэл 3D дүрсийг үүсгэдэг дутагдалтай. Тиймээс энэ судалгааны ажлаар тухайн хүний байрлалаас хамаарч Цэгэн гэрэл үүсгэгч (цаашид PLS) 3D дэлгэцийн арын гэрэл үүсгэгчийг удирдан давхардлыг арилгахыг зорив. Ажиглагчийн 3D дүрстэй үүсгэх өнцгөөс хамаарч дэлгэцийн арын гэрлүүдийг удирдахад PLS дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрс давхардалгүй харагдана. Бид энэ аргыг хэрэгжүүлэхдээ уламжлалт аргаар ажиглагчийн байрлалыг тодорхойлохдоо нэмэлт төхөөрөмжийг тухайн хүнд байрлуулаагүй. Гэрэл үүсгэгчтэй давхар камер байрлуулж хүний царайг илрүүлж, ажиглагчийн харж байгаа өнцгийг тодорхойлон гэрэл үүсгэгчийг удирдсанаар PLS дэлгэцийн үүсгэсэн 3D дүрс нь давхардахгүй харагдах болсон
Нийлмэл гурван хэмжээст дэлгэцийн дүрсийг харах өнцөг маш бага байдаг. Харагдах өнцөгөөс бага зэрэг илүү хазайхад дүрс сарнилттай харагддаг. Тиймээс энэ судалгааны ажиллаар тухайн хүний байрлалаас хамаар ч гэрэл үүсгэгчийн ажиллгааг өөрчлөн сарнилтыг багасгахыг зорив. Тухайн ажилглагчийн 3-н хэмжээст дүрстэй үүсгэх өнцгөөс хамаарч дэлгэцийн арын гэрлүүдийг удирдан дүрсний сарнил нь багасаж тодорч харагдана. Бид энэ аргийг хэрэгжүүлхэд уламжлалт байдлаар ажиглагчийн байрлалыг тодорхойлхын тулд нэмэлт төхөөрөмж хүнд байрлуулаагүй. Гэрэл үүсгэгчтэй давхар камер байрлуулж хүний царайг илрүүлж, ажиглагчийн харж байгаа өнцөгийг тодорхойлон гэрэл үүсгэгчийг удирдсанаар цэгэн гэрэл үүсгэгчийн дүрс нь илүү тод харагдах болсон.
This article discusses ways to reduce air pollution by using electricity as heating in low-emission house in Mongolian climate conditions. More than 60 percent of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar is caused by coal dust and ash from traditional heating of ger districts. The government of Mongolia has been promoting households to use electric heating while reducing tariffs on night time. This case study was done on 5kW floor plate heating system installed in a house with area of 56m2 located in Songinokhairkhan district, Ulaanbaatar city. Based on electrical consumption of the floor heating system, economic and environmental efficiencies were analyzed. Our chosen test object faces problems related to quality of power supply during peak load time. Therefore we optimized stand-alone PV system for the household using HOMER software.
Heating is biggest issue in Mongolia due to long and harsh climate. Specially, it is hard to keep the inside temperature of Mongolian ger such as traditional dwelling where herders often live in countryside. High air exchange inside of Ger is reason why hard to keep the temperature as constantly. During the cold season, herders have higher heat demand, but there is relatively less heating source. Most of herder households are applying small sized PV system due to nomadic life style. This research is aimed to develop a partial heating solution for the comfortance of the elder and younger children who stay longer in a Ger. The heating pad was modelled with the felt and heating material and measurement and experiment was conducted. In the experimentation, heater was supplied by small sized PV system as an electricity supply that herder households use commonly. The electrical energy for heat pad is optimized during the experiment dependent on ambient and indoor temperature. Moreover, a controller device that modifies pad temperature relating to ambient temperature was developed and it can fully satisfy the safety and the reliability. Key
This article discusses ways to reduce air pollution by using electricity as heating in low-emission house in Mongolian climate conditions. More than 60 percent of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar is caused by coal dust and ash from traditional heating of ger districts. The government of Mongolia has been promoting households to use electric heating while reducing tariffs on night time. This case study was done on 5kW floor plate heating system installed in a house with area of 56m2 located in Songinokhairkhan district, Ulaanbaatar city. Based on electrical consumption of the floor heating system, economic and environmental efficiencies were analyzed. Our chosen test object faces problems related to quality of power supply during peak load time. Therefore we optimized stand-alone PV system for the household using HOMER software.
Heating is biggest issue in Mongolia due to long and harsh climate. Specially, it is hard to keep the inside temperature of Mongolian ger such as traditional dwelling where herders often live in countryside. High air exchange inside of Ger is reason why hard to keep the temperature as constantly. During the cold season, herders have higher heat demand, but there is relatively less heating source. Most of herder households are applying small sized PV system due to nomadic life style. This research is aimed to develop a partial heating solution for the comfortance of the elder and younger children who stay longer in a Ger. The heating pad was modelled with the felt and heating material and measurement and experiment was conducted. In the experimentation, heater was supplied by small sized PV system as an electricity supply that herder households use commonly. The electrical energy for heat pad is optimized during the experiment dependent on ambient and indoor temperature. Moreover, a controller device that modifies pad temperature relating to ambient temperature was developed and it can fully satisfy the safety and the reliability.
A new method to determine a viewing angle of the integral imaging display is proposed. The viewing angle is equal to an angle between the farthest edges of collecting rays on integrated point. This method is useful to determine the viewing angle of other three-dimensional display.
