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Түгээмэл хэл зүй: Монгол хэлний харьцаа заасан -ТАЙ нэгжийн учир Universal Grammar: On relational element -TAI in the Mongolian language Abstract Universal Grammar (UG) is a theoretical and methodological way that investigates the common structural properties of human languages including Mongolian from a syntactic perspective. The objective of this study is to apply this methodology - specifically the analysis of the D-structure of any linguistic elements - to the Mongolian element -TAI in order to define and demonstrate its relational properties. By doing so, the study not only maps the systematic framework of this element but also provides significant practical value by proposing its correct usages. To conduct this research, over 200 linguistic facts of the Mongolian constructions using "-TAI" element were collected. Based on the theories, methods, and principles of Universal Grammar, the NP+P(-tai)+VP (as peripheral) and NP1+P(-tai)+NP2 (as core) constructions were observed and compared. In particular, the study distinguishes whether the -TAI element in the NP1+P(-tai)+NP2 construction functions as a derivational morpheme creating new words or as a relational marker between other elements. These functions were validated and modeled using tree diagrams (phrase markers). The results indicate that while the Mongolian -TAI element forms both NP+P(-tai)+VP and NP1+P(-tai)+NP2 construction, they differ fundamentally. The first is a primary structure used to connect a noun to a verb in a relational capacity. The second construction, while appearing to connect two nouns (or equivalent units) similarly at the S-structure (Surface Structure), reveals profound differences at the D-structure. This variation is attributed to the shifting syntactic functions of the construction depending on its distribution within a sentence. In conclusion, analyzing linguistic elements through their D-structure serves as a primary methodology for identifying the essential nature and underlying properties of such syntactic constructions.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) translation technologies have expanded intensively. In the education sector, it is necessary to conduct a study on translation technology and its various approaches. The students' use of AI has supported the introduction of new technologies, including AI-based translation training systems that are combined with traditional translation. Therefore, the training of translators using digital technologies is necessary and has faced issues of solving problems such as the introduction of new technologies and preparation and readiness using them. World globalization and digitalization have intensified the development and achievement of AI technologies, so AI requires the use of new technologies and supporting computer knowledge. The transition to digitalization of institutions, universities, and schools has played an important role in developing online education. Also, the knowledge and skill of translation technology are required in all spheres. The research explored some needs and uses of students' translation technology that define the rate of students’ usage under survey. It found out that to use modern AI technology is an urgent need for students; they use it broadly, especially in translation. Also, this study has intended to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-based translation technology and will present the results of the study. The study's findings reveal that AI-based translation technology is involved with students; AI technology is part of their study. It is inspired by increment translation skills, creative assignments, and research skill development. Therefore, Artificial intelligence (AI) translation technologies have become imperative, so we have to adopt new technologies to improve translation skills.
Abstract: Color is a tool describing the view of the main heroes and the content of the text, so artistic imagery and characteristics of the heroes become more clearly. In addition to having both explicit and implicit meanings, color also conveys human emotions, feelings, and imaginations. In particular, there is a lack of research works on how European and American literary translations from English into Mongolian reflect the differences and similarities between Western and Eastern cultures and mindsets and convey them to readers. Consequently, a comparative analysis of color translation based on translation experiences and examples is still required. Color translation is an integral part of cultural translation. it is introduced how the principles of domestication and foreignization are used in translation when translating cultural and mental the differences presented by color.
Abstract: Literary translation strategies have developed when translating foreign literature, which include using figurative expressions and phrases that reflect the lifestyle, culture, and mentality of Mongolia. In particulary, the use of a rich Mongolian vocabulary makes it possible to translate any literature. We have used the domestication method to translate Western literature, which has different civilizations, religions, and lifestyles. Reader-oriented translation, domestication is effective in conveying meaning characters, and imaginative content of the Course Text. This article intends that domestication is a good method and experience for conveying literary imagination. Key words: Mongolian lifestyle, culture, mentality, domestication
Хураангуй: Бэлгэдэл нь нийгмийн харилцааны уг мөн чанар, зүй тогтлыг танин мэдэх гэсэн эрмэлзлэлийн илэрхийлэл төдийгүй уран дүрийн нэгэн яруу хэрэглэгдхүүн юм. Уран бүтээлч янз бүрийн тэмдэг дохио, хэлбэр дүрс зэргийг ашиглан зохиолын утга санаа, агуулга, өгүүлэмж, дүр, дүрслэлээ тодотгон үзүүлдэг буюу зохиолчийн уран сэтгэмж, шинэлэг санаа оноо, шийдэл зэрэг нь бэлгэдлээр дамжин уншигчдад хүрдэг. Иймээс тоо болон шашны бэлгэдлийг орчуулгад хэрхэн буулгасныг тайлж тайлбарласан хийгээд барууны уран зохиолын бэлгэдлийн мөн чанар, далд утга санааг хэрхэн ойлгон ухаарч, орчуулгадаа тусгасан туршлагыг задлан шинжлэхийг зорьсон.
Abstract: Literary translation strategy has studied efficiently for improvement translation function of literary translation strategy, possibility and impossibility of literary translation during translation process, adoption of foreign literatures and localization of foreign literatures. Literary contexy has kept different cultures, traditions, lifestyle and ideology. So translation strategy help to solve faced problems and difficulties during translation process and experiences that are different way of thinking and mentality of living style and culture, sometimes even if they are not close to each other. Translation strategy including foreignization and domestication, which has has played an important role to convey main ideas and points of the course text.
Abstract: Foreignization has been widely used in Mongolian literary translation practices. Analysis reveals that the foreignization strategy has contributed to introducing different cultural views and points that are attract the interest of the readers. It is a significant discovery that originated from customs, traditions, habits, and geographical locations. It also expands and extends recognition across different cultures worldwide. When comparing the source text and the target text, some understanding and recognition of the words, phrases, idioms, and proverbs are new and adaptable to the readers. This expands their way of thinking and mentality of living style and culture, even if they are not close to each other. Also, foreignization can serve as a bridge between cross-cultural points, reflecting the exchange of local lifestyles, community habits, moral rules, and traditional customs.
Abstract. The research is focused on the classification of children capacity that digital divide in depending on and gender ages, registration time of tasks performance on the smart devices and comprehension for teacher’s tasks in preschool children. Research data is comprehension and tasks performance of 120 children at 3-5 years old preschool children. Using machine learning cluster analysis on the data, it was divided into 3 clusters, 1st cluster was included 4-5 years old participants and 2nd cluster was included 3 years old participants. We determined that capacity of the participants, such as similarity to the age and gender categories of the participants, personality and common mode. We suggests that research can be used by teachers, educators, and educational decision makers in the educational system, to produce the assessment of children's abilities by age and gender, and to create an evaluation model for monitoring and evaluating the activities of teachers and students. Also it can be used by children's app developers, young researchers and the proper use of smart devices by parents of young children.
Unlike verbs, modals express several meanings or senses depending on the speaker’s attitude, mood, and feelings. Therefore, we have some challenges in understanding or getting the right implication of what the speaker s. Modal verb is one of the topics that attracts the attention of many linguists. They have been studying modals in different ways such as register, dialects, or other grammatical or meaning properties. However, the study of collocates of modals, based on corpus is less considered by linguists. Thus, it is important to study the modals, focusing on their lexemes so that it will help us understand the meanings of similar words and select the appropriate word to use in various contexts. Corpus study is used in linguistics to analyze the data examination. We used the data from spoken register on the British National Corpus and analyzed them through methods of distinctive collexeme analysis. In this analysis, we try to examine the possibility of relating collexeme differences with sense differences.
Сэтгэхүйн өөр үнэлэмжтэй өрнийн улс орны аж ахуй, амьдрал, газар зүйн онцлог, соёлын ялгааг гаргахдаа орчуулгын нэгэн хэв загварт баригдалгүй монгол хэлний уламжлалт номын хэл, бичгийн найруулгыг чадварлаг ашиглаж, монгол аж ахуй, сэтгэлгээнд ойртуулан орчуулсан төдийгүй тухайн орны ахуй, соёл, сэтгэхүйн онцлогийг агуулга, дүр дүрслэлээр дамжуулан уран сайхны аргаар орчуулах нь үр дүнтэй. Соёл, сэтгэхүйн ялгаанаас улбаалан зарим тохиолдолд ийнхүү монгол ахуй, уншигчдад ойртуулан орчуулах нь уран зохиолын орчуулгын уламжлал, өв санг баяжуулан, уран сайхны орчуулгын бүтээлч эрэлхийлэл, туршлага, сургамж болсоор ирсэн.
This paper is analyzed and evaluated to identify translation errors, achievements, and transcription differences under comparative examples of proper name translation and transcription. The paper intends to present how the translation of some words has changed due to social development and social periods, as well as how the social system and ideology were influenced by the translation and transcription of the proper name. Also, the translation experience and lessons are compared and presented, and it was mentioned that the differences in phonetic transcription were reduced to get a closer result from direct translation, avoiding indirect translation.
