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BFC biofuel cell is a new advanced wastewater treatment technology that is environmentally friendly and economical in energy production. To increase the output current, the choice of configuration of the anodic and cathodic chambers of the bioreactor is important. In this study, we investigated the improvement of power generation in BFC. For this purpose, studies were carried out in the cathode chamber using compounds K3Fe(CN)6, KMnO4, and K2CrO7 as acceptors. In the biofuel cell, when using a mixed culture with KMnO4, YX No. 1 with K3Fe(CN)6 and AN No. 1 with K3Fe(CN)6, voltages of 720 mV, 515 mV, 486 mV were observed, respectively. Among the acceptors-KMnO4, energy was generated with a maximum voltage density of 460.80 mW/m3 and a current density of 116 A/m3. Keywords: Biofuel cell, Microorganism, Electron acceptor, Current density, voltage densit
Abstract: The results of X-ray spectral, infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectrometry and spectral electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of sherl tourmaline mineral samples from Bulgan-Sum, Khovd region are presented. Based on this, the influence of structural changes at the molecular level in water and the influence of the piezoelectric properties of crystals on the charged cluster structure of water in the atmosphere are discussed. Keyword: tourmaline, tourmaline crystal structure, water cluster structure, water charged cluster
Abstract: In the present work we pay an attention to the molecular structural changes between raw coal and its enriched, dense productions. Bituminous Ukhaa-Khudag coal in the form of an enriched, dense coal product is currently used as an energy source by Mongolian consumers for everyday need. There are three types of samples from one source: it is a raw coal (sample 1) and two of industrial prod- ucts as an enriched, dopant (organic based) added coal (sample 2) and simply enriched coal (sample 3). The raw coal general characterization is given through the elemental analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, moreover functional groups were identified by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The differences in the FTIR spectra of the samples were done.Some details are as follows: hydroxyl group vibrations are existing, rather weak in agreement of TG result; vibrations of aliphatic group were rarely in the long wave near region, carbonate minerals in the region of 1300-900 cm−1 are visible but overlapped, and an isolated out-of-plane deformational vibration (around 800 cm−1) or two-adjacent (800-750 cm−1) or three-adjacent (around 700 cm−1) of sp2-hybrid bonded aromatic CHx-groups were still presenting.After the processing hydroxyl group bands were affected in enriched coals, sample 2 and 3. In the spectrum of the sample 2 the long wave bands were intensively blurred.Industry processing retains an amount of water in the productions. Water excess influenced absorbance bands were able to be removed via the drying processing, however, the affection to the spectral structure in sample 2 was unrecoverable.
Хөрсний ус чийг нь шим мандал дахь бодисын динамик эргэлт болон хөрсний амин уураг, эрдэс, бичил биетэн зэргийг нөхцөлдүүлэгч гол хүчин зүйл билээ. Эдгээр хүчин зүйлүүд нь хөрсний уусмал буюу коллоид системд динамик тэнцвэрт оршдог байна. Илтгэлээр хөрсний уусмалыг цахилгаан кинетикийн процессоор идэвхжүүлэх замаар хөрсний уусмалын анион ба катионы солилцоог эрчимжүүлсэнээр эрдэс, органик нэгдлийн хувирлын үр дүнг хэлэлцүүлнэ.
Экологийн тэнцвэр, нийгмийн эрүүл мэндийн тулгамдаж буй олон асуудлыг шийдвэрлэхэд усны судалгаа түүний үр дүнг ашиглах явдал нэн шаардлагатай болж байна. Тухайлбал, судалгааны дэвшилтэт аргуудын дүнд, орчин үед усны найрлага, бүтцийг нано түвшинд тодорхойлон судлаж, улмаар усны бүтцийн энерги, мэдээлэлт чанарыг технологийн судалгааны салбаруудад туршиж байна. Энэхүү илтгэлээр усны макро, микро түвшний судалгааны зарим үр дүнг түүний кластер бүтэцтэй холбосон ажлын үр дүнгээс болон усны энерги, мэдээлэлт чанарыг технологийн судалгаанд ашиглах боломжийн талаар танилцуулна.
Температураас хамааруулан усыг идэвхжүүлсэний дараах протоны агуулгын өөрчлөлтийн динамикийг хугацаанаас хамааруулан судлав. Протоны агуулгын өөрчлөлт дэх усны молекулын хэлбэлзлийн спектрээр усны кластер ба ионт кластерын хэлбэлзлийн давтамжийг илрүүлэх аргыг туршсан үр дүнг танилцуулж байна.
Цахим хичээлийн үед сургалтын технологийг баяжуулан шинэчлэх шаардлага бий болсон. Загварчлал, симуляцийн технологи ашиглан үүнийг хямд төсрөөр хурдан шуурхай хэрэгжүүлэх боломжтой. Бид цар тахлын үеэр буюу 2020-2021 улиралд ерөнхий болон мэргэжлийн суурийн физикийн курсыг цахимаар заахдаа, хичээлийн агуулгаас тодорхой сэдвүүдийг сонгон авч харгалзах виртуал загваруудыг өөрсдөө бие даан бүтээж, сургалтын үйл ажиллагаандаа ашиглав. Мөн эдгээр загвараа сургалтын зориулалт бүхий жишиг загваруудтай харьцуулж үзсэн болно. Загварчлалын технологи ашиглан бүтээсэн сургалтын хэрэглэгдэхүүн нь физикийн үзэгдэл юмсын талаарх оюутан сурагчийн төсөөллийг визуал аргаар бататгаж, ойлгоцыг нь нэмэгдүүлэх; сургалтын эвристик арга зүйг (туршиж үйлдэнгээ өөрөө өөрийгөө сургах) хэрэгжүүлэх; цахим болон зайны сургалтыг зардал багатайгаар сонирхолтой хэлбэрээр өрнүүлэх зэрэг давуу талтай гэж үзэж байна.
This article analyzes the implementation of differentiated instruction in teaching astronomy programs and develops a methodology for integrating it into natural science education. Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. Using differentiated instruction and multiple teaching strategies is essential to support all students learning. All students learn differently, so differentiated instruction techniques can include scientific experimentation, historical investigation, discussion, and debate; research projects; problem-solving; simulations, models, or demonstrations; and the creation of products or performances. Differentiated instruction permits each individual to get the information, abilities, perspectives, and qualities essential to shaping the universe whole. Astronomy is closely linked with education, pedagogy, and mental health. The current paper draws learning style differences (including multiple intelligence of Howard Gardner and VAK preferences) to identify practical, supportive approaches and critical conceptual frameworks applied to astronomy education. Theory and research findings are reviewed, highlighting the importance of knowing the differences between students and focusing on motivational issues. Research or inquiry-based assignments target those in which students are required to find, analyze, and use various information sources, explore an issue, solve a problem, and create new knowledge. They are intrapersonal students. The class discussion allows linguistic students to share their ideas out loud and use problem-solving skills and critical thinking to answer essential questions relating to the subject matter. The technology-based lesson incorporates video, research, and the creation of a presentation that targets visual and auditory learners because it relays information so that students can listen to facts and connect them with pictures on the screen. Kinesthetic and visual learners with a logical-mathematical ability like digital imaging spend most of their time in front of a computer analyzing large amounts of data, and it can be delightful. The modeling/demonstration helps students visualize the planets’ sizes and distances from the sun. It allows students to connect understanding with various student experiences, cultures, interests, and perspectives. Other differentiated instruction techniques that can be incorporated involve a wide range of activities or assignments or creating different degrees of difficulty for appropriate challenge levels while maintaining the same content goals. These strategies should be incorporated into daily activities, projects, and assessments based on each student’s individual needs and level of readiness. Keywords: multiple intelligences, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, readiness
In recent times, people are sometimes frustrated by many issues, such as the coronavirus, war, and inflation. Therefore, mental health and psychological well-being are very important for people. The aim of our research was to study how the mood changes by observing the full moon. Amateur astronomers at the National University of Mongolia meet every full moon day. On that day, they observe the moon, exchange information, draw pictures, and have fun. As a result of our research, we observed for a whole month that the person's mood improved. An amateur astronomer is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers make contributions in doing citizen science, such as by monitoring variable stars, nebula, and moon asteroids by discovering transient astronomical events, such as comets or supernovae in other galaxies. Star parties are gatherings where professional and amateur astronomers set up their telescopes and invite people to come to learn about the night sky. Getting away from light pollution, or artificial skylights from buildings, for example, helps stargazers see objects in the sky much better. Our amateur astronomers are people of all ages and most of the members are currently students. Star parties provide students with many opportunities such as to develop themselves, make up for their academic delays, participate in social interactions, express themselves freely, and communicate in a proper manner. These star parties allow people to be involved in science. The figures below describe how star parties go on. Astronomy is an outdoor nature hobby, so the best way to begin is to go out into the night and learn the starry names and patterns overhead. The public who participated in the Star parties at the National University can be amateur astronomers.
A pH meter and an FTIR spectrometer were used to study changes in the proton content in samples of activated distilled water and soil solution. The structure of water and solutions is activated by external physical factors (electric and magnetic fields, temperature, pressure, photons of light, radiation flux, etc.), as well as chemical compounds that activated physical, chemical and biological processes that take place in it. The key role in these processes is played by the proton content and transitions. The of changes in the content of protons in the sample of activated distilled water is greater than in distilled water, but the change time is shorter. The bands formed in the valence bands of activated distilled water molecules are explained by proton transitions. A soil solution was prepared from the above distillated and its activated water, and pH and FTIR measurements were taken. On the example of soils, it is shown that the change in the content of protons in a sample of a soil solution prepared using distilled and activated water depends on the composition of elements in the soil. We well consider that this experimental method can be repeated in many water and solution samples, quantified and used for environmental studies of water and soil. Keywords: (water activation, pH-meter, proton or OH content, FTIR for distilled water and soil solution, soil pH)
An overview of the results of experiments on arc and spark discharge in water and corona barriers on the surface of a water drop carried out by students of research work is presented.
We have studied physical-chemical characteristics of the Mongolian medical minerals and carried out scientific substantiation of traditional Mongolian technology for preparing from them raw materials for medicine. The investigated medical minerals were collected from Gobi region, Mongolia. Physical-chemical analyses were carried out using X-ray, XRD, XRF and AAS, ICP-OES methods. For the medicine raw material preparation8 selected the Iceland spar and a thermos-chemical ScCO2 method which on the traditional Mongolian technology. The process runs without of any chemical salts and without weight loss.
Heat treatment results of natural calcite and magnetite (wt, %) samples placed in an iron made closed pot are presented. Inside pot in the result of decomposition processing, there were formed CaO, Ca(OH)2, Fe2O3 molecules in the presence of ScCO2 medium. Element analysis pre-and after heat treatment shows an increase of Mg, Al, К, Са and a decrease of Na element. However carbon content was remained as it was. Hydroxyl group was formed in the heat treatment. Presence of environmental water at normal temperature plays an important role in this thermodynamic complex system in the presence of ScCO2 medium.
