Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл

This study aims to determine the level of bacterial pollution in the surface soil from some areas of Chingis city in Khentii province, and assess the genotoxic effect of the soil samples. As a result of the research, all the soil samples of the center of Khentii province were determined as "very dirty" based on the total number of bacteria. Soil samples were determined as "contaminated” based on the titer of E. coli, Proteus, and Cl.perfringens. Water suspension of soil from the street of Chingis city inhibited the growth of E.coli rec- and uvr- strains while water suspension of soil around the well and petrol station inhibited the growth of E.coli uvr- strain. Organic extract of soil has no DNA damage effect on mutant strain. It was determined that the toxicity of soil samples from the streets, gas stations, grocery stores, and schools in the center of Khentii province was higher than other samples. The Ames test result revealed that the organic extract of the soil from the area of a petrol station showed "weak" mutagenicity on the mutant strain.

The purpose of this work was to assess the condition of the soil of the Bayan-Ovoo soum and Chingis city according to the main agrochemical indicators, soil heavy metal content and some enzyme activity. Samples were randomly collected from 6 points in each settlement in July 2021 from topsoil layer (up to 20 cm), cleaned of stones, plant residues and sieved (<1 mm) and stored in a freezer until laboratory analysis. Laboratory analyzes were carried out in accordance with Mongolian standards (MNS 2305:94, MNS ISO 10390:2001, MNS 4006:1987 and MNS3307:91). The activity of soil enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, saccharase, were determined by titrimetric. The correlation analysis was conducted to check whether there was any relationship between heavy metal content and enzyme activities in the soil. According to agrochemical indicators such as soil pH, CO2, and soil electrical conductivity, the soil in the Chingis city and Bayan-Ovoo soum was not saline, but it was degraded in term of the content of available potassium, phosphorus, and humus. Significant differences in Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu concentrations were observed among the collection sites. The Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu concentrations in Bayan-Ovoo sites and Pb, Cu concentrations in Chingis sites were below MNS5850 2008 permissible limits, while the Zn and Cr concentrations exceeded permissible limits 1.8 and 3 times. The identified heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni) affect the activity of catalase, peroxidase and saccharase in the soil.

Хүн ам төвлөрсөн хот суурин газрын хөрс өвчин үүсгэгч бичил биетэн дамжуулах орчин болдог. Хэнтий аймгийн Баян-Овоо сумын хөрсний бактерийн бохирдлын судалгааны дүнг танилцуулж байна.

Due to the increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the world, it is necessary to put in place an active delivery system of drugs that can reach the target molecule. Maintaining the concentration of any drug in the blood at a certain level for a long time is important in the practice of drug therapy. As the frequency of drug use increases, the blood concentration of the drug exceeds the therapeutic level, leading to toxicity or ineffectiveness. To solve these problems, in recent years, much attention has been paid to obtaining micro/nano preparations based on the method of encapsulation of biologically active compounds on polymeric carriers. Therefore, we aimed to extract pectin from sea buckthorn peel, prepare microcapsules containing antibiotics, and determine their physical and chemical properties. The results were determined between standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and MRSA ATCC 2758 at different dilution concentrations. The maximum yield of pectin is 1.3 after a 60-minute separation at a sediment concentration ratio of 1:1.15 and pH=2. Pectin itself is antibacterial, and pectin is most important in relation to MRSA.

In the cities of Mongolia there is growth of infectious disease for citizens which means to determine pollution level of the soil, water and air then there is important problem to decrease their pollution because air, water and soil are the transporter of pathogenic microbes. The environmental pollution causes the diseases in the alive organism but also it makes change in its gene have become clear according to the researchers researches and in this modern time the soil and water researches have been directed to determine their mutagenic reactions. The natural object mutagenic reaction revealing researches, mostly or especially the auxotroph mutant microorganisms (Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli) are used as the amino acid by any substrate by making them the test system. The objective of our study is to determine the sanitary microbiological and genotoxic assessment of soil samples of Bayankhongor town in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia. As a results of sanitary microbiological research of soil samples, the total number of bacteria that is contained in 1g soil 2.6 – 5.4 x 106 cell/g and all the samples were polluted. According to the content of E.coli near soil food market were high polluted. But we determined is all soil samples have been polluted with Cl.perfringens and Proteus. Water and organic extraction of soil samples were with damaging ability DNA of E.coli. Especially, food market, ger district and apartment.

Khentii province is located in the east of Mongolia. There are many places in this province where Genghis Khaan was born and raised. Also in this province there are many natural attractions, healing springs and lakes, one of which is the mineral lake Gurmiin Nuur, which is located near Bayan-Ovoo Sum of Khentii province. The water and clay of this lake are considered curative for many diseases. Therefore, the flow of foreign and domestic tourists to this province, also to this lake increases every year, which increases the likelihood of soil erosion and deterioration of fertility. The purpose of this work was to assess the erosion of the soil of the Bayan-Ovoo Sum according to the main agrochemical indicators. The soil samples were collected from six points, located in the center of Bayan-Ovoo sum in July 2021 from the topsoil layer (up to 15-20 cm), mixed, sieved (2 mm) and stored in a freezer until laboratory analysis. Laboratory analyzes were carried out in accordance with Mongolian standards. Also, the activity of some enzymes, such as catalase, peroxidase, saccharase, which are indicator enzymes of soil fertility, were determined. The enzyme activities were expressed in units. Based on the results of the work, it was found that according to agrochemical indicators, such as pH, CO2 and soil electrical conductivity, the soil of Bayan-Ovoo Sum is not saline, but soil fertility has deteriorated in terms of the content of mobile potassium, phosphorus and humus. These data are also confirmed by the activity of soil enzymes.

The genotoxicants are harmful for human healthy and biodiversity. Nowadays, most important problem is evaluated and estimated of harmful consequences of environmental chemical pollution. During the replication non-renewable (irreparable) damage of hereditary material is cause of mutant. In the body cell to begin the mutation be first stage of cancer and mutation in the genitals cell is increased hereditary and congenital defect, unexpected miscarry and infant mortality. Therefore, in the environment made accumulated chemical that through varies bio-test to study of mutagenic activity. We were determined the genotoxic activity of soil samples from 6 sites of Bayan-ovoo sum, Khentii province by Ames test (Ames, 1981). We used the auxotroph mutant bacteria for the histidine (Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 /his G46, rfab, bio pkm 101/). The results confirm that there was oppressed growth in E. coli mutation in the soil of Bayan-ovoo sum, Khentii province. Water suspension from soil petrol station were oppressed growth of E.coli rec-, and water suspension from soil food market was oppressed growth of E.coli uvr-. However organic suspension from soil Bayan-ovoo sum have not been influenced to have growth of E.coli. Toxicities of the water and organic extracts from surface soil collected in Bayan-ovoo sum that were examined using S.typhimurium TA100. The water extract of soil of the petrol station (58.7%), organic extract of the petrol station (51.1%), street (55.2%) were high toxicity. In our research result, all soil samples of the Bayan-ovoo sum showed no mutagenicity inSalmonella typhimurium TA100. There was no correlation between bacterial contamination of soil samples and genotoxicity studies at all study sites. The result of this study is the scientific justification for the conservation of Bayan-ovoo sum, Khentii province.

The bacterial diversity of the sample BM from the non-interacted mining area was significantly abundant compared to mining interacted samples. Nine phyla were dominant in the bacterial community structure. But in samples from the mining operation area sample VBKB-b and abandoned mining sample are VBKB-b, 3 phyla Firmicutes (59-66%), Actinobacteria (17.4-26.8%), Proteobacteria (11-14%) were dominant in the bacterial community.

Бид Хэнтий аймгийн төв болон тус аймгийн Баян-Овоо сумын хөрсний агрохимийн шинж чанар, хүнд металлын бохирдлыг тодорхойлон харьцуулав. Хөрсний дээжийг тус бүр 6 буюу нийт 12 цэгээс цуглуулан хөрсний агрохимийн үзүүлэлтүүд болох рН, цахилгаан дамжуулах чадвар, ялзмагийн агууламж, хөдөлгөөнт фосфор болон калийг тодорхойлов.

The soil samples were collected from the Tuv provinces of Mongolia. Three cultures of actinomycetes were isolated and extracted bioactive crude extract with organic solvents, and their antimicrobial activity and some enzyme activities were determined. Actinomycetes 24-TSAND1, 21-TSB8, and 54-TSB4 had protease and amylase enzyme activities. The cultures of actinomycetes 24-TSAND1, 21-TSB 8, and 54-TSB4 are highly active against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. However, 24-TSAND1 and 21-TSB 8 cultures were not effective against Escherichia coli pathogens, while 54-TSAND4 culture was moderately active. Also, the ucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the actinomycete 24-TSAND1 culture was determined, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that it depends on the species of Streptomyces microflavus.

Эндофит нь Грекээр эндо = дотор, фит = ургамал гэсэн утгатай ба үүнд амьдралын мөчлөгийн нэг хэсэг эсвэл амьдралын туршид ургамлын эд дотор амьдрах чадвартай бичил биетнүүд багтдаг. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд экологийн тэнцвэртэй байдлыг хангах, хөрсний үржил шимийг сайжруулахын тулд ургамлын эндофит мөөгөнцөр болон бусад бичил биетнийг бордоо байдлаар газар тариаланд хэрэглэх болсон. Эндофит мөөгөнцрүүд нь эзэн ургамлынхаа өсөлтийг дэмжих, шим тэжээлийн бодис нийлэгжүүлэх болон абиотик хүчин зүйлд тэсвэрлэх, шавж, өвчин үүсгэгчдийг эсэргүүцэх чадвартай байдаг. Иимд бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Монгол оронд ургадаг дөрвөн зүйл буурцагт ургамлаас эндофит мөөгөнцрийг ялгаж, тэдгээрийн зарим идэвхийг тодорхойлох зорилт тавин ажиллаа.

Сүүлийн жилүүдэд экологийн тэнцвэртэй байдлыг хангах, хөрсний үржил шимийг сайжруулахын тулд ургамлын эндофит мөөгөнцөр болон бусад бичил биетнийг бордоо байдлаар газар тариаланд хэрэглэх болсон. Эндофит мөөгөнцрүүд нь эзэн ургамлынхаа өсөлтийг дэмжих, шим тэжээлийн бодис нийлэгжүүлэх болон абиотик хүчин зүйлд тэсвэрлэх, шавж, өвчин үүсгэгчдийг эсэргүүцэх чадвартай байдаг. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар буурцагт ургамлаас эндофит мөөгөнцрийг ялгаж, түүний зарим идэвхийг судаллаа.

Будан барбад (Leptopyrum fumarioides (L.) Rchb) нь Хөвсгөл, Хэнтий, Хангай, Монгол Дагуур, Монгол-Алтай, Дундад Халх, Дорнод Монгол, Говь-Алтай орчмоор ургадаг, Холтсон цэцгийн овгийн ургамал юм. Монголын уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд Будан барбадын газрын дээд хэсгийг халуурах, хижиг халуун, цусны даралт ихсэх, хаван, элэг, зүрх судас, хоол боловсруулах замын өвчнүүдийг эмчлэх болон янз бүрийн хордлогыг тайлахад хэрэглэдэг. Мутагений эсрэг хамгийн өндөр идэвхи (53.7%) үзүүлсэн ургамлуудын нэг болох Будан барбадын фитохими судалгааг хийлээ.

Бид өмнө нь тэжээлт орчны суурь уусмал болох махны энзимийн гидролизат буюу хоттингерийн үндсэн уусмалыг хуурайшуулах горимыг тогтоосон. Энэхүү ажлаар хуурайшуулсан хоттингерийн гидролизатаар үндсэн тэжээлт орчин бэлтгэн, түүний чанарыг микробиологийн аргаар судаллаа.

Манай улсын ихэнхи суурин газрууд төвийн цэвэр бохир усны шугамд холбогдоогүй, хувь хүн, айл өрх, аж ахуй эрхлэгчид, аж ахуйн нэгжүүд хог хаягдлаа замбараагүй хаядаг, хог хаях цэгүүдэд тавих хараа хяналт муу, ариутгал, хоргүйжүүлэлт хангалтгүй хийгддэг нь хатуу, шингэн хог хаягдал, ахуйн болон үйлдвэрийн хаягдал, бохироор агаар, ус, хөрс бохирдох, улмаар хүн амын дунд халдварт өвчин тархах нөхцөл болж байна. Манай улсын хот суурийнгийн хүн амын дунд агаар дуслын замаар халдварладаг амьсгалын замын өвчлөл, ус, хөрсөөр дамжин тархах гэдэсний халдварт өвчлөл өндөр байгаа нь үүнтэй шууд холбоотой. Тиймээс хөрсний эрүүл ахуй, бохирдлын судалгаа шинжилгээг хийх, орчны экологид үнэлгээ өгөх нь судлаачидын тогтмол хийдэг судалгааны чиглэл болсон. Бидний зүгээс Хэнтий аймгийн төв болон тус аймгийн Баян-Овоо сумын хөрсний мутагены идэвх болон химийн бохирдлыг тодорхойлох зорилго тавин ажилласан ба энэ хүрээнд 12 цэгээс авсан хөрсний дээжинд усан болон органик ханданд мутагены идэвхийг, хүнд металлын бохирдлыг (Pb, Со, Cr, Cu) тодорхойлхоос гадна хөрсний химийн шинж чанарын үндсэн үзүүлэлт болох рН, цахилгаан дамжуулах чадвар, хөдөлгөөнт фосфор, калийг тодорхойлж харьцуулав. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс хархад хөрсний химийн үзүүлэлтүүд хэвийн байсан ч Хэнтий аймгийн төв болон Баян-Овоо сумын тус бүр 2 буюу нийт 4 цэгийн хөрс фосфорын агууламжаар хэт бага байгаа нь хөр доройтолд орсныг харууллаа. Хөрсний дээжүүдэд кобальт, хар тугалаг, хром болон зэсийн агууламж хүлцэх хэмжээнд байсан ч Хэнтий аймгийн төвийн 4-р цэг (гудамж) хромын бохирдолтой гарлаа. Мутагены идэвхээр энэ цэгийн хөрсний дээжний усан ханд мутант штамм E.coli uvr- болон rec- -ийн өсөлтийг; худаг, шатахуун түгээгүүр орчмын цэг E.coli uvr- -ийн дарангуйлж байна. Харин аймгийн төвийн хөрсний органик ханд тест штамм E.coli -ийн ДНХ-г гэмтээх идэвхигүй байгаа үр дүн гарлаа.

Airborne dust and sand particles caused by wind erosion have been associated with serious problems in human health as well as high tech industrial machines. There are many conventional methods of suppressing dusts to reduce the wind erosion potential: agronomic, surface penetration, admixture, and surface. In the past, most control methods have been either chemical or mechanical, resulting in certain degrees of health hazard or frequent applications. An alternative method, surface vegetation, becomes increasingly popular but it is very slow and costly.

In the area of Tsogttsetsii sum, Umnugobi, have mining of the coal through open and concentrating population and vehicles, which are polluting of the environment local area. We have determined the soil chemistry and hygienic parameters of soil Tsogttsetsii sum, Umnugobi province.

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in aquatic biocenoses. They substantially influence many biogeochemical processes and efficiently regulate abundance and species diversity of biota. For the past two decades great interest has been paid to the study of virus communities of aquatic ecosystems. However, many of them, especially freshwater ecosystems, are still poorly studied. The aim of this work was to perform a genetic analysis of cyanophage diversity in Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol.

This study is designated for exploring microbial diversity of the mine using MiSeq high throughout sequencing technology. The microbial diversity of the sample BM from the non-interacted mining area was significantly abundant compared to mining interacted samples. Nine phyla were dominant in the bacterial community structure. But in samples from the mining operation area sample VBKB-b and abandoned mining sample are VBKB-b, 3 phyla Firmicutes (59-66%), Actinobacteria (17.4-26.8%), Proteobacteria (11-14%) were dominant in the bacterial composition.

Arsenic is a toxic element released into the environment either by natural phenomena (weathering, volcanic activity) or by anthropogenic activities. Arsenic mainly occurs in two inorganic forms, arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III). The bacterial oxidation of As[III] to As[V] represents a potential detoxification mechanism and has applications in bioremediation because it generates less toxic and less mobile forms of arsenic. Nevertheless, the role of the bacteria in the arsenic cycle are yet to be fully elucidated. Microplate screening is a cost effective, reliable and rapid method for the detection of bacterial strains with both arsenic transformation activities – oxidative or reductive. In present study, we investigated arsenic oxidizing bacteria isolated from mining soil in Tavantolgoi, Mongolia.

Bioremediation has been attracting researchers’ attention to develop as a technique to remove the pollution of crude oil in the environment. However, more or stronger novel strains capable of crude oil removal are still required. In this study, the potential of five newly isolated bacterial strains for crude oil abatement was evaluated in the liquid medium and contaminated soil individually and as a mixed consortium. Raoultella ornithinolytica strain PS exhibited the highest ability and degraded up to 83.5% of crude oil. Whereas Bacillus subtilis strain BJ11 degraded 81.1%, Acinetobacter lwoffii strain BJ10 degraded 75.8%, Acinetobacter pittii strain BJ6 degraded 74.9%, and Serratia marcescens strain PL degraded only 70.0% of crude oil in the liquid media. The consortium comprising the above five strains degraded more than 94.0% of crude oil after 10 days of incubation in the liquid medium. The consortium degraded more than 65.0% of crude oil after 40 days incubation even in the contaminated soil. The five crude oil degrading strains, especially their consortium, exhibited a high capability to break down a wide range of compounds in crude oil including straight-chain alkanes, branched alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. These strains, especially as consortia, have good potential of application in the remediation of crude oil–contaminated environments.

Abstract: There are about 45 kinds of heavy metals including copper, lead, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, silver, and so on. Although heavy metals such as manganese, copper, zinc are trace elements that are vital for life, some of these heavy metals such as mercury, lead or cadmium do not have specific roles on living organisms. Furthermore, all heavy metals accumulated to a higher concentration, would be potentially toxic to human body. Mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, and arsenic are the main pollutant heavy metals in environmental. In this study, six bacterial strains were isolated from Zaamar gold mining area in Mongolia. Their heavy metals resistance ability was tested. The bacterial strain Z1a showed the best tolerance to Ni2+, with removal capacity of 13.02%; Z1 to Cu2+ with removal capacity of 18.38%; and Z2b to Co2+ with removal capacity of 17.76%. Tolerance to Pb2+, Z62 showed 12.9% removal capacity from the solution. Key words: mining area, heavy metal, resistant bacteria, isolation

Mining is affect negatively to the natural environment. Detecting the hygienic microorganisms from the external environment is prove in that object may be availability living a pathogenic organisms. We have determined the soil chemistry and hygienic parameters of soil around open pit in Zaamar and Sergelen soums of Tuv province. The results showed that the humus content of the soil was 1.01-1.72% lower, the pH soil reaction was alkaline and sandy mechanical components, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) in 100 g of soil 0.9-3.8 mg, potassium 13-21 mg and the sum of the absorbed bases (Ca2++Mg2+) is 6-27 mg-eqv. According to the hygienic microbiological study, soil samples are belongs to different levels of contamination by the total bacterial number and coli form bacteria contained in 1 g of soil. Some of besides 8 samples were not contaminated with anaerobic bacteria and were not detected coli form pathogens in the study soil.

The main aim of this study was determinant of some indication of the hygienic microbiology openly mining area located at Zaamar and Sergelen soums, Tuv province. According to microbiological study, 1 g soil in Zaamar soum contains an average of 1.01 × 106 cells and 82.5% bacteria, 14.6% actinomycin and 2.9% mold. Gram positive and endangered rods with did not endospore dominanted in the soil. As a result of hygienic microbiological investigation, soil samples were subject to different levels of contamination by total bacterial number and coli forms contents contained in soil per 1 g. 8 samples were not contaminated with anaerobic bacteria and bacterial pathogens in the study soil were not detected.

In the area of Tsogttsetsii sum, Umnugobi, have mining of the coal through open and centralizing population and vehicles, which made polluting of the environment local area. As the environmental pollution are causing of diseases for the living organisms. Through our previous investigation, we were collected the soil samples from 8 sites of the Tsogttsetsii sum, Umnugobi. The environmental pollution not only causes of disease for the living organisms but also change their genes, which clear by investigation of researchers and current studies of soil and water towards for determine the mutagenic activity. Never study the genotoxicological investigation of soil and water of Tsogttsetsii sum, Umnugobi.

Soil degradation is becoming a notable problem due to open-pit mining that is bringing movement of heavy machinery and people in Tsogttsetsii, Umnugobi. Therefore, there is urgent need to test and implement optimal, low-cost and efficient method to mitigate soil degradation in these areas. In recent times, microbiological studies on methods that employ microorganisms are experimented internationally. We carried out microbiological study using test strain Sporosarcina pasteurii ATCC 11859 to reduce soil degradation. Our result showed soil adhesion increased by 13-58 fold when S.pasteurii was used at concentration of 106-108 cells/ml.

Уул уурхайн нөхөн сэргээлтэнд бичил организм болон ургамлыг хоршин ашиглахнь орчин үеийн биологийн нөхөн сэргээлтийн ашигтай хувилбар болж байна. Олон наст ургамлын өсөлтөнд Arthrobacter pascens -ийн эерэг нөлөө үзүүлж байгааг туршилтаар тогтоосон болно.