Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
В 2022–2023 гг. нами было проведено исследование по определению показателей качества воды (ПКВ) озера Булан, представляющее собой небольшие искусственный водоём, расположенного в городе Дархан (аймак Дархан-Уул аймаг). С целью определения пространственной изменчивости качества воды были выбраны три равномерно распределённые по поверхности точки, в которых проводились измерения. Кроме того, для озёра был построен вертикальный профил, при который показатели качества воды измерялись с шагом 1 метр от поверхности до дна. Анализ зимной и летной профилей показал, что в озёре Булан под влиянием ледяного покрова формируется термо-химическая стратификация. В озере Булан, высокая мутность, а также ограниченное образование кислорода в зимний период под воздействием ледяного покрова способствуют накоплению биогенных загрязнений в придонных слоях. В результате этого на глубине 7–8 м наблюдаются резкие изменения показателей качества воды. Летом также образуется устойчивая толстая стратификация в озере, что может сильно повлияет на биогеохимический процесс и на качество воды озера.
Рассматриваются вопросы шумового влияния на здоровье человека в особенности на обслуживающий персонал поездов. В рамках исследования были проведены измерения уровня шума в пассажирских поездах по маршруту Улан-Батор — Сухэ-Батор и Сухэ-Батор — Улан-Батор для оценки возможного воздействия шума на здоровье проводников. Результаты измерений показывают, что суточная доза воздействия шума, установленная стандартом MNS6768:2019, превышена на 144 %, а уровень воздействия превышает 8.9 дБА, что указывает на необходимость внедрения мер по профилактике потери слуха, вызванной шумом.
Рассматриваются вопросы увеличения уровня шума на улицах г. Улан-Батора, особенности шума, идущего от главной дороги города. В рамках исследования были проведены измерения уровня шума вдоль главной дороги от западного перекрестка до восточного перекрестка. Результаты измерений показывают, что эквивалентный уровень шума, уста новленная стандартом MNS4585:2016, превышена на более 10 дБА в течении суток, что указывает на необходимость внедрения мер по снижению и рассеиванию шума.
Mongolia is one of the growing Asian countries. Migration, and concentration of the population have led to urban development problems, and the urgent need to provide housing to citizens is increasing. As a result, small lakes in cities are formed by using gravel deposits located near river beds in the surrounding area of the city for the construction of buildings, structures and roads. We've been doing research of seasonal variation of water quality parameters, nutrients and trace metals, their vertical profile in one of these artificial lakes, Lake Bulan. Small lakes located near urban areas can play an important role in the ecosystem and have a positive impact in urban environment. In this sense, studying the water quality and biological pollution of Bulan Lake is important for the protection of the lake's ecosystem. This is the first seasonal observation study on nutrient dynamics undertaken in a small freshwater lake with eutrophication in Mongolia. Water samples were collected seasonally from 3 site in the lake from September 2019 to August 2022. The WQI /water quality index/ was 46.4+0.79 that indicated as polluted. The average concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the surface lake water had a wide seasonal variation from 0.26 ± 0.11 mg N/l in August to 1.44±0.08 mg N/l in January. Seasonal differences were also observed in the vertical profiles. Concentrations were relatively similar at the various water depths in April and September at turnover time. Thermal stratification was observed when the lake was covered in ice, with the maximum concentrations being observed in the bottom layer in the months of January and August. Results indicated that both the summer and winter stratifications are important for regeneration of nutrients in the bottom layer, biochemical cycling in small and shallow lakes in Mongolia.
This is the first seasonal observation study on nutrient dynamics undertaken in a small freshwater lake with eutrophication in Mongolia. The vertical profile and seasonal fluctuation of nutrients are crucial to understanding the biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems. In this study, field research was carried out at a small and shallow lake, Lake Bulan, in the lower Kharaa River basin. The area has been receiving increased nutrient loads from the water catchment area for the last 20 years. Water samples were collected seasonally from the lake from 2019-2022 and analyzed for nutrients, major cations, trace metals, and dissolved organic carbon. The average concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the surface lake water had a wide seasonal variation from 0.26 ± 0.11 mg N/L in August to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg N/L in January. Seasonal differences were also observed in the vertical profiles. Concentrations were relatively similar at the various water depths in April and September at turnover time. Thermal stratification was observed when the lake was covered in ice, with the maximum concentrations being observed in the bottom layer in the months of January and August. The phosphate concentration showed a similar variation trend. These results indicate that both the summer and winter stratifications are important for regeneration of nutrients in the bottom layer, biochemical cycling, and mitigating impacts of global warming on small and shallow lakes in Mongolia.
Desertification and land degradation are one of the biggest challenges in the world and are the ecological integrity of nature, society and economy. In recent years, this process is being considered as the same as changes in climate change, air pollution, and biodiversity. The study also summarizes the climate and weather conditions in soums along the border and infrastructure of the Dornod and Selenge provinces. In Dornod aimag: Kherlen, Bayantumen, Bayan-Uul, Gurvanzagal, Dashbalbar, Sergelen and Chuluunkhoroot soums; Selenge aimag: Altanbulag, Sukhbaatar and Shaamar soum. A total of 73 households were selected from 8358 households in Selenge aimag, Sukhbaatar and Shaamar soums of Selenge aimag and conducted a socio-economic survey. A total of 240 households were randomly selected from 19,148 households in the Kherlen, Bayandun, Bayantumen, Bayan-Uul, Gurvanzagal, Dashbalbar, Sergelen, Choibalsan and Chuluunhoroot soums of Dornod aimag. Key words: socio-economic, population migration, desertification, education, health, mining
The article analyzes the main environmental and socio-economic factors and consequences of desertification in Mongolia, proposes structural and logical database scheme and consequences, highlighted methodological approaches to the assessment of the socio-economic consequences of desertification. The article presents the results of several years of researches on the subject, such as the analysis of the socio-economic development model areas, the standard of living of population, water consumption analysis, the results of a sociological survey of the local population to determine the quality of life and the impact of desertification on farming. There were developed a method of estimating the environmental vulnerability of the territory, methodical approaches to the assessment of the environmental capacity of ranger lands, calculated the cost of land, retired as a result of overgrazing and pasture digression. It revealed the need for targeted conservation measures to reduce the socio-economic impact of desertification in Mongolia. Provides tools and mechanisms to reduce the negative impacts of desertification.
В статье для оз. Хубсугул приводятся результаты моделирования течений и распространения загрязнений от рек, турбаз и при аваарийных ситуациах.
