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The global transition to electrified transportation is accelerating as countries seek to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. In developing nations such as Mongolia, second-hand hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as a practical solution due to their relatively low cost and high fuel efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of these vehicles presents a critical challenge: the degradation of rechargeable batteries. Mongolia’s extreme climate conditions, with sharp seasonal temperature variations, further accelerate this deterioration, shortening battery lifespan and reliability. Over the past 15 years, rechargeable battery technology has played a central role in the transportation sector. Today, many of the batteries used in HEVs and even some in EVs have reached advanced stages of aging.
The global shift toward electrified transportation is accelerating as nations strive to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. In developing countries like Mongolia, second-hand hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as a practical alternative due to their affordability and fuel efficiency. However, the degradation of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries in aging HEVs presents a significant challenge, especially under Mongolia’s extreme climate conditions, which intensify battery deterioration. Existing state of health (SOH) estimation methods often lacks the necessary accuracy, consistency, and practicality for real-world applications. Furthermore, effective battery module equalization solutions specifically designed for second-life hybrid electric vehicles are largely absent, making it difficult to ensure balanced performance and long-term reliability under extreme environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel SOH observation method tailored for second-hand HEVs operating in harsh environmental conditions. The proposed method utilizes multiple battery parameters including current, voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and capacity to enhance estimation accuracy while maintaining operational simplicity. In addition, a battery equalizer circuit is introduced to support maintenance by enabling full charge equalization of battery packs and improving the speed of service procedures. While the SOH estimation method is validated through experimental analysis, the battery equalizer is evaluated through simulation only. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the predicted and actual battery health, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed SOH estimation method. The integrated approach offers a practical and reliable solution for battery health monitoring and maintenance, promoting improved performance and sustainable use of HEVs in extreme climate regions.
The global shift toward electrified transportation is accelerating as nations work to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. Second-hand hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become a practical alternative in developing countries like Mongolia due to their affordability and fuel efficiency. However, the degradation of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries in aging HEVs presents a significant challenge, particularly in Mongolia’s extreme climate conditions, which accelerate battery deterioration. Existing state of health (SOH) estimation methods often face limitations in accuracy, consistency, and practicality, reducing their effectiveness in real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel SOH observation method tailored for second-hand HEVs operating in harsh environmental conditions to address these challenges. The proposed method utilizes multiple battery parameters, including current, voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and capacity, to improve estimation accuracy while maintaining simplicity and efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation and experimental analysis, demonstrating a correlation between predicted and actual battery health. The findings offer a reliable and practical solution for battery health monitoring, enhancing vehicle performance, informing consumer decisions, and supporting the sustainable adoption of HEVs.
