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We have studied total bacterial count reduction in Mongolian air-dried beef (Borts) due to the effects of e-beam irradiation. Different amounts of absorbed dose were used such as 2 kGy, 4 kGy, 6 kGy, 8 kGy, and 10 kGy, and compared the effects of these doses with the negative control group. No significant changes occurred in both chemical and physical states, but the most beneficial effect was the total number of bacterial cell count in a sample. After e-beam irradiation of 4 kGy of absorbed dose, the total bacterial counts were reduced from 1.7*104 control group to 2.4*103, and in the case of 6 kGy total counts were reduced to 6*102, and for the 8 kGy, the bacterial counts were significantly reduced to 3.8*101 colony forming units.
Determinations the potentials of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis by yeast strains isolated from wild berries M. Enkhmaa¹, R. Chinzorig², Ch. Ganzorig¹ J. Boldbaatar¹ ¹ Laboratory of Nanomaterial, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, center for Nanoscience and nanotechnology, National University of Mongolia ² e-lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National University of Mongolia The preparation of nanomaterials involves chemical, physical, and biological methods. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the eco-friendly synthesis of highly biocompatible nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Yeasts, known for releasing enzymes and metabolic products, offer a unique extracellular synthesis route for nanomaterials, promising innovative solutions in the field. In this study yeast strains were isolated from the Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, and Lonicera caerulea respectively in Mongolia. The three yeast strains were selected based on the ability to utilize carbon sources. They were further identified using API 20C AUX to be yeast species Candida tropicalis, Candida norvegensis, and Kloeckera apiculate. The AgNPs produced by Candida tropicalis, Kloeckera apiculate, and Candida norvegensis at 30°C for 24 hours. The AgNPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The UV-vis spectra demonstrated a broad peak centering at 412 nm to 420 nm. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a uniform spherical shape and fine size, with an average size of 54.9 nm to 108.2 nm. FTIR analysis was employed to characterize and identify the potential biomolecules on the synthesized AgNPs. The broad band at 3425.9-3208.1 cm − 1 corresponds to −OH stretching. The band at 1641.5-1638.1 cm − 1 in the yeast extract is due to the C=O stretching vibration of carboxyl moieties. The low peak at 2125.6-2108.4 cm − 1 is attributed to the C=C stretching vibration. These results demonstrated that biomolecules of the yeast extract were responsible for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to antibacterial activities of yeast AgNPs against two pathogenic bacteria were determined. The highest antibacterial effect was observed on S.aureus with additional obvious effects on E.coli. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Yeast, antibacterial activity
n this study, the microorganisms used to obtain the bioelement were studied; they were isolated at the central wastewater treatment plant in Ulaanbaatar, i.e. samples of industrial waste water IWW), domestic waste water (DW) and sludge (S). We obtained 79 bacteria from wastewater and 4 bacteria were selected by measuring their oxidation potential with a µStat-I 400 device (bipotentiostat/galvanostat). The bioMérieux VITEK® 2 GN identification card was used to determine the taxonomy and morphological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. It was confirmed that the DW1 strain is 98 % closely related to E. coli, that the IWW1 strain is 99 % closely related to Morganella morganii, and the DW29 strain is 93 % closely related to Serratia liquefaciens, respectively
The commercial application of copper bioleaching, an environmentally-friendly approach for low-grade and secondary mineral resources recycling, has increased worldwide. In this paper is considered the application of iron oxidizing bacteria in biological treatment of resource from mining of copper. The major bacterial species involved in the bioleaching of sulfide ore were isolated from acid mine drainage. The leaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks in mineral salts media inoculated with iron oxidizing bacteria at 10⁰C and 30⁰C. The bioleaching tests yielded Cu recoveries are 19.22 and 56.14 respectively.
1. Introduction Curd is one of the Mongolian traditional dairy products, nutritious and useful in many ways for the human body. Mongolians produce curd at the household level, usually by manually processing milk. In recent years, it has been mass-produced and sold in the domestic market. In this study, we select a type of curd – khorkhoi aaruul, commercially available, irradiated them with 3 different doses of X-ray radiation, and compared their microbial and physicochemical qualities with control samples’ in order to investigate the possibility of reducing the total number of bacteria, extending the shelf life, and complying with international hygiene standards. 2. Methods We irradiated the samples using an RS1800 Q4 biological irradiator (figure 1) [1]. Irradiation doses were 1 kGy, 3 kGy, and 5 kGy. We measured the total number of bacteria, the total number of molds in the irradiated and control samples. Also, in order to study the physicochemical changes in curd after irradiating with the ionizing radiation, the content of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamin C, and changes in color, smell, and taste were determined. 3. Results and Discussion When curd samples were irradiated with X-rays, the total number of bacteria was significantly reduced. The total number of bacteria in the control sample was 4.20*106 cfu when grown in plate count agar non-selective medium, while the total number of bacteria in the sample irradiated with 1 kGy decreased to 3.20*106 cfu; 1.20*106 cfu after irradiating with a dose of 3 kGy, and 2.00*105 cfu after irradiating with a dose of 5 kGy, respectively. However, the intestinal pathogenic bacteria and molds were not detected when cultured on selective media Endo agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Table 1. Analyzed chemical composition of the control and irradiated samples. Irradiation dose Item Control 1 kGy 3 kGy 5 kGy Protein (%) 33.71 24.01 21.51 18.78 Fat (%) 27.72 24.03 22.31 19.62 Vitamin C (mg in 100 g) 2.28 2.11 2.06 2.14 X-ray irradiation did not occur any changes in the mineral content and chemical groups in the curd samples. It was observed that the storage time was extended, and among the 4 types of samples, the control sample started to mold first. There were no changes in sensory tests such as color, taste and smell. 4. Conclusion When the samples were irradiated with a dose of 3 kGy, the total number of bacteria decreased by 3-4 times. At 5 kGy irradiation, the total number of bacteria was greatly reduced, but other parameters, such as protein and fat content, were reduced. However, the total number of bacteria did not decrease sufficiently when irradiated with a dose of 1 kGy. Therefore, it was considered that it is possible to extend the shelf life of the selected brand of curd without losing its nutritional quality by irradiating them with 3 kGy dose
Sheep wool is one of the most common wastes derived from agriculture and also a great source of keratin. In this study, chemical reduction and alkali hydrolysis methods of extracting keratin from wool were studied for the purpose of reusing the waste wool, and the products were used to fabricate wet-spun hybrid fibers by mixing with PVA. The comparative yield of the two extraction methods was investigated, and the optimal precursor concentration ratio for keratin extraction was identified. The effects of keratin concentration and wet-spinning flow rate on the mechanical properties of fabricated fibers were studied. Therefore, this study encourages the further investigation of wool keratin-based hybrid biomaterials, which could provide a new way to reuse waste wool.
Энэхүү ажлаар мал эмнэлгийн хүрээлэнд эрдэм шинжилгээ, судалгааны зориулалтаар ашиглаж буй RS-1800 рентген шарах төхөөрөмжийндээжинд өгч буй шингээгдсэн тунгийн орон зайн түгэлтийгтодорхойлов. Үүнээсөмнө 2019 онд анх төхөөрөмжийг суурилуулж, үйлдвэрлэгчээс өгсөнтунгийн чадлын утгыг ашиглан судалгаа шинжилгээний ажлыг гүйцэтгэж байв. Манай улсад судалгааны зорилгоор ашиглаж буй шарлагын төхөөрөмж өөр байдаггүй. Тус шарлагын төхөөрөмжийнтунгийн чадлыг тодорхойлж, баталгаажуулах нь энэхүү багажийг ашиглан хийж байгаа судалгааныажлуудынүр дүнг баталгаажуулах, тунгийн утгаас хамааруулан тооцоололхийх зэрэгт чухалач холбогдолтой. Судалгааны ажлын дүнд шарлагын төхөөрөмжийн камердоторхдээжинд өгөхшарлагынтунг дээжийн байрлалаас хамааруулж тодорхойлсон.Мал эмнэлгийн хүрээлэндсуурилуулсан рентген шарах төхөөрөмж нь хар тугалган хамгаалалттай(self-sheilded),туршилтсудалгааныдээж шарахад зориулан бүтээсэнионжуулах цацрагийн үүсгүүр юм.Рентген хоолойн хувьд160кэВ хүртэл энергитэй полихроматик рентген цацрагийг гаргадаг. Шарлагын хэсэгбуюу камер ньрентген хоолойноос 22.2 см хүртэл зайнд орших гурван түвшинд шарлага явуулдаг.
Хөрөнгөнцөрийн уураг, метаболит бүтээгдэхүүнийг ихээр ялгаруулдаг, хурдан үрждэг шинж чанарт нь үндэслэн түүнийг мөнгөний нанопартиклийн биосинтезд ангижруулагч, тогтворжуулагч болгон ашигладаг. Энэхүү синтезийн процесст хөрөнгөнцөрийн биомолекулууд нь нанопартиклийг бүрхэж, тогтвортой байдлыг сайжруулж биологийн идэвхийг бий болгодог. Энэхүү судалгаанд Монгол оронд түгээмэл ургадаг зэрлэг жимснүүдээс (Vaccinium Vitis-idaea, Padua Asiatica, Lonicera Caerulea) хөрөнгөнцрийн гурван цэвэр өсгөврийг ялган авч, ангилал зүйг Biomeriex Api 20C AUX хөрөнгөнцөр таних тест ашиглан нүүрс ус задлах идэвхит нь үндэслэн тодорхойлсон. Хөрөнгөнцрийн зүйлүүдийг ашиглан эсийн гаднах синтезийн аргаар мөнгөний нанопартиклийг синтезлэн физик-химийн шинж чанарыг тогтоосон. Синтезлэсэн мөнгөний нанопартиклууд UV/Vis спектрт 410-420 нм орчимд шингээлт үзүүлсэн. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) шинжилгээгээр мөнгөний нанопартикл нийлэгжүүлэхэд үүссэн химийн холбоог тодорхойлсон. Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS) ашиглан нанопартиклийн гидродинамик хэмжээг тодорхойлход дундаж диаметр нь ~54 нм -ээс ~174 нм, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ашиглан ~10.3 нм- ээс ~94.5 нм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй ширхэглэгтэй, бөөрөнхий хэлбэртэй нанопартиклууд үүссэнг тодорхойлсон. Мөнгөний нанопартиклийн бактерийн эсрэг идэвхийг Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus бактериудад Кирби-Бауерийн нэвчүүлэх аргыг ашиглан тодорхойлоход 8-19 мм хүртэлх ариун бүс үзүүлсэн нь бидний синтезлэсэн мөнгөний нанопартикл нь бактерийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй болох нь батлагдсан.
The yeast strains were isolated from the Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, and Lonicera caerulea respectively in Mongolia. The three yeast strains were selected based on the ability to utilize carbon sources they were further identified using API 20C AUX to be yeast species Candida tropicalis, Candida norvegensis, and Kloeckera apiculate. The AgNPs produced by Candida tropicalis, Kloeckera apiculate, and Candida norvegensis at 30 °C for 24 hours. The AgNPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The UV-vis spectra demonstrated a broad peak centering at 412 nm to 420 nm. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a uniform spherical shape and fine size, with an average size of 54.9 nm to 108.2 nm. FTIR analysis was employed to characterize and identify the potential biomolecules on the synthesized Ag NPs. The broad band at 3425.9-3208.1 𝑐𝑚−1 corresponds to −OH stretching. The band at 1641.5-1638.1 𝑐𝑚−1 in the yeast extract is due to the C=O stretching vibration of carboxyl moieties. The low peak at 2125.6-2108.4 𝑐𝑚−1 is attributed to the C=C stretching vibration. These results demonstrated that biomolecules of the yeast extract were responsible for the biosynthesis of Ag NPs. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to antibacterial activities of yeast AgNPs against two pathogenic bacteria were determined. The highest antibacterial effect was observed on S. aureus with additional obvious effects on E.coli.
Монгол оронд түгээмэл ургадаг зэрлэг жимснүүдээс (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, Lonicera caerulea) хөрөнгөнцрийн цэвэр өсгөврийг ялган авч, ангилал зүйг Biomeriex Api 20C AUX хөрөнгөнцөр таних тест ашиглан нүүрс ус задлах идэвхийг нь үндэслэн Api 20C AUX V4.0 ашиглан тодорхойлоход Д-1 өсгөвөр нь Candida tropicalis, C-1 өсгөвөр нь Candida norvegensis, Ү-2 өсгөвөр нь Kloeckera apiculate зүйлд хамаарагдаж байв. Дээрх хөрөнгөнцрийн зүйлүүдийг ашиглан эсийн гаднах нийлэгжүүлэлтээр мөнгөний нанопартиклийг нийлэгжүүлэн Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Photon Cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) шинжилгээнүүдээр физик-химийн шинж чанарыг тодорхойлов. Мөнгөний нанопартиклууд нь UV/Vis спектрт 410-420 нм орчимд шингээлт үзүүлсэн. FTIR спектроскопийн спектрүүдээр мөнгөний нанопартикл нийлэгжүүлэхэд үүссэн химийн холбоог тодорхойлсон. Нанопартиклийн гидродинамик хэмжээг PCCS багаж шинжилгээг хийхэд дундаж диаметр нь ~54 нм -ээс ~174 нм, ширхэглэгийн хэмжээг AFM багаж ашиглан тодорхойлоход ~10.3 нм-ээс ~94.5 нм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй, бөөрөнхий хэлбэртэй нанопартиклууд үүссэнг тодорхойлсон. Мөнгөний нанопартиклийн бактерийн эсрэг идэвхийг Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus бактериудад Кирби-Бауерийн нэвчүүлэх аргыг ашиглан тодорхойлоход 8-19 мм хүртэлх ариун бүс үзүүлсэн нь мөнгөний нанопартикл нь бактерийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй болох нь батлагдаж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Хөрөнгөнцөр, мөнгөний нанопартикл, бактерийн эсрэг идэвх
Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper mineral in the world, and its bioleaching suffers from low dissolution rates, which is often attributed to passivating layers. Hence, these passivating layers must be overcome to use bioleaching technology to its full potential to process chalcopyrite. Leaching must occur at a low oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) to prevent these passivating layers from forming, but chemical redox control in bioleaching heaps is difficult and costly. As an alternative, selected weak iron-oxidizers could be employed that are incapable of scavenging exceedingly low concentrations of iron and, therefore, raise the ORP just above the onset of bioleaching but not high enough to allow for the occurrence of passivation. This study isolated four bacterial strains from acid mine drainage in one of Mongolia’s most significant copper mining sites. Three of these strains were identified based on their partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Also, we studied the electrochemical properties of the bioleaching process of sulfide ore by one of the isolates obtained from the acid mine drainage. Our results show that strains ER-1a and ER-1c are closely related to Candidate division OP10 bacterium P488 (AM749768), and ER-1d is closely related to Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli Gsoil 348 (GQ339893). Bioleaching of copper concentrate was monitored by the electrochemical method. During 18 days of oxidation, only three types of oxidations were observed. The solubility of copper reached 615 mg/L and 53.37%, while 83.7% of ferrous ions were converted to iron (III). The CV-cyclic voltammetry oxidation current peak intensity gradually increased until day 15 and then decreased on day 18 during the bioleaching experiment
We have studied prolonged storage and total bacterial count reduction in Mongolian traditional dairy product – small curd (Khorkhoi Aaruul) due to effects of X-ray irradiation. Different amounts of absorbed dose were used such as 1 kGy, 3 kGy and 5 kGy, and compared the effects of these doses with negative control group. Before and after the irradiation, we measured changes of total protein, lipid, vitamin C and changes of chemical composition, and physical state of whole samples. There were no significant changes occurred in both of chemical and physical states but the most beneficial effect was the total number of bacterial cell count in sample. After X-ray irradiation of 1 kGy of absorbed dose, the total bacterial counts were reduced from 4.1*106 control group to 3*106, and in case of 3 kGy total counts was reduced to 1*106, and for the 5 kGy the bacterial counts were significantly reduced to 2*105 colony forming units. Same trend was observed for the total mold counts. Depending our results, we suggest that ionization irradiation has beneficial effects to prolonging storage period and reducing microbial contamination in Mongolian traditional food –Aaruul. In addition, our results confirmed that ionization radiation does not have significant adverse effects on nutritional value, flavor, appearance and texture of Aaruul.
In 2018, showed the application Rhizobium biofertilizer increases soybean yield by 5.6 centner/ha more than control. An experiment to evaluating the effects of multifunctional biofertilizer, irradiated oligochitosan, synergistic effect of both plant promoters on the growth of sweet pepper and tomato plants was conducted in the greenhouse. In 2019-2020, showed synergy effect of liquid Rhizobacterial fertilizer and Oligochitosan increase crops yield by 50-80%. Biofertilizer and Oligochitosan are significantly effective for plant growth promotion. In 2021, to evaluated the effects of multifunctional biofertilizer, irradiated oligochitosan, synergistic effect of both plant promoters on the early maturity potato. Synergy effect of liquid Rhizobacterial fertilizer and Oligochitosan increases potato yield by 46-50%
Biohydrometallurgical / Bioleaching is economic-efficiently and environment-friendly technology that is convenient to process low-grade, fine and complex distributed ore and now this technology research is developing rapidly. We selected the ore which is hard to process by the cyanide method and studied the ore structure and chemical composition to use in bioleaching research. The selected primary ore is sulfide ore that is containing 2.88ppm Au, 1.67ppm Ag, 0.13% Cu, 1.03% S and identified as containing minerals as pyrite, goethite, covellite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite.
According to our survey results, yields in the range of 14.6 h/ha have been harvested after application of Darkhan-Rizo bacterial fertilizer. That is, it harvested yields in the range of 5 centner/ha higher than the control, and also it harvested yields in the range of 2.5 centner/ha more than the application of other types of fertilizers such as mineral fertilizers (granules) as well as 2.7 centner/ha higher than the application of organic fertilizer (originated from manure or dung of cattle) and 4.9 centner/ha more than the application of Humate-7B fertilizer, respectively.
Recent years, the spreading of diseases from Dermacentor nuttalli in Mongolia is increasing dramatically because of the overgrowth of livestock and Mongolian natural environment. The traditional methods to disinfect Dermacentor nuttalli in livestock are washing and medical treatment. In this study, we demonstrated anti-parasitic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Dermacentor nuttalli in vitro. Objective: To synthesize ZnO NPs and evaluate the anti-parasitic effects for Dermacentor nuttalli in vitro. Methods: The zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. All the chemicals are Aldrich made of analytical grade and used without further purification. For preparation of ZnO nanoparticles, 2.2 g zinc acetate dihydrate (99.9% w/v) was dissolved in 50 ml of boiling ethanol and directly cooled at 0 °C in a bath filled with ice. 0.5 g sodium hydroxide (98% w/v) was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol at room temperature in ultrasonic bath and cooled to 0 °C. Then, added dropwise to the zinc acetate suspension solution under constant stirring at 0 °C. After 3h, the reaction was stopped, and solution was stored at 4 °C during 12h. The final product, a white precipitate, was collected, washed twice using ethanol and dried at room temperature. ZnO nanoparticles were then characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Carl Zeiss SUPRA 55VP), transmitting electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, Shimadzu Maxima 7000) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-1650PC). Results: By sol-gel method we obtained average size of 30 nm sphere ZnO nanoparticles. Effect of ZnO nanoparticles were tested against Dermacentor nuttalli. Each group (n=20) of ticks were directly sprayed with 25-100 µg/ml ZnO into flask and after 24h rate of mortality was 21%, 47%, and 79% for 25, 50, 100 µg/ml, respectively. Higher level of superoxide dismutase expression detected in dead ticks using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. In more, elevated level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide was measured in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method and Griess reaction. Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method with average diameter of 30 nm sphere and evaluated the anti-parasitic effects. 100 µg/ml ZnO nanoparticles shows highest activity against Dermacentor nuttalli and all results were indicated ZnO nanoparticles effective with dose dependent manner.
Энэхүү судалгааны хүрээнд бид Монгол төгрөгнд агуулагдаж байгаа нийт бактерийн тоог тодорхойлж улмаар ионжих цацрагаар үйлчлүүлэн бактерийн бохирдолыг бууруулах боломжийг судаллаа. Судалгаанд ашигласан мөнгийг дэлгүүр, эмийн сан, банк, цайны газар зэрэг нийт 7 газраас нийт 196 дэвсгэртийг 2019 оны 1-4 сарын хугацаанд санамсаргүйгээр цуглуулан авч ашигласан. Мөнгөн дэвсгэртийг эргэлтэд орсон хугацаагаар нь 2013 оноос өмнө ба дараа гэсэн 2 бүлэг болгон авч үзлээ. Эхний бүлэгт агуулагдах нийт бактерийн тоо 267.7±80.6 байсан бол хоёрдугаар бүлэг буюу харьцангуй шинэвтэр мөнгөн дэвсгэртүүдэд 77.6±47 байлаа. Хуучирсан мөнгөн дэвсгэртүүд нь сүүлд хэвлэгдэн эргэлтэд орсон төгрөгөөс 3.4 дахин их бактерийн бохирдолтой байна. Бактерийн тоог бууруулах зорилгоор рентген цацруулагчийг 200Gy, 400Gy хэмжээгээр, UV-A гэрлээр 22.5mJ/cm², 45mJ/cm², 90mJ/cm², 180mJ/cm², 360mJ/cm² хэмжээгээр тус тус үйлчлүүлж туршив. Туршилтын үр дүнд UV-A гэрлийн 180mJ/cm², 360mJ/cm² цацрагын тун бактерийн нийт тоог 93.5% ба 98% тус тус бууруулж байна.
Titanium dioxide has been used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique elemental properties. This substance has a refractive index higher than most other compounds (n = 2.6142, in comparison to water at 20℃ n = 1.33) that allows titanium dioxide to have an iridescent and bright quality. It has been used in the cosmetics industry for “whitening” and “thickening” in multiple make-up brands. As titanium dioxide can greatly absorb UV light, it has been used as a physical sunscreen for many years. In this study, the nanosized titanium oxide with anatase structure holding high surface area has been synthesized by the sol – gel route from an aqueous solution of titanyl sulfate. A stable Titania sol with extremely narrow range of nanorod shaped particles having an average size of 30 nm has been obtained. The crystalline anatase nanorod has average particle size of 7.19 – 27.27 nm and between the calcination temperature 250-650oC and polymerization time was 12-18 hours. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Ultra-Violate spectrophotometer.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most widely used and studied metal nanoparticles and have been used in nanomedicine, sensing, optoelectronics, and catalysis. Functionalized gold nanoparticles on a self-assembled monolayer can be employed to fabricate simple, real-time label-free biosensors. In this work, we studied the relationship between sodium citrate concentration and gold nanoparticle size, as well as the plasmon band shift before and after the gold nanoparticles were immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).
Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa iron - binding glycoprotein with multifunctional properties and useful for clinical and commercial applications. Lactoferrin has some advantages including, immune system modulation, antibacterial, antivirus, antiparasite activity and as antioxidant in infant and adult of human as well as animal health. In this study, we indicated antibacterial activity of Lf that has been isolated and purified from cow’s milk and pepsin derived lactoferrin peptides. The purification of Lf used SP sepharose DEAE column in a cation exchange chromatography. The lactoferrin derived peptides can be released from lactoferrin through proteolysis by pepsin under acidic conditions, a reaction that occurs naturally in the stomach. 10 different concentration of isolation and purification lactoferrin and pepsin derived lactoferrin peptides (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 mg/ml) tested on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram - positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The purified lactoferrin was analyzed by ion exchange chromatography, protein gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and infrared spectrometry methods.
The aim of the study is to determine total number of bacterial contamination on paper notes of Mongolian tugrug and reduce bacterial contamination using ionizing radiation. Total 196 paper notes (500₮) were randomly collected from 7 different places including store, grocery, pharmacy, bank, restaurant, coffee shop, fruit store between 2019 February to March. We divided paper notes 2 groups depending on aging, the first group of notes were released in circulation before 2013 and second group released after 2014. To isolate, determine and count total number of bacteria, mold and coliforms we used conventional microbiological techniques. Average number of total bacteria was 267.7±80.6 in first group and 77.6±47 was in second group. Aged paper notes were contaminated 3.4 times higher than newer notes but those results were statistically not significant (p≤0.05). The variation of bacterial contamination was unexpectedly high. Average number of coliform was 3 cfu and 18.75% of paper notes were contaminated with coliform bacteria. These results suggest that paper note is commonly contaminated with bacteria and this contamination may play in role of transmission of pathogenic organisms in community.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have been investigated intensively during the last three decades. The purpose of this study was to make a solar cell using a food coloring material. We chose three food coloring materials which are Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura red AC, Brilliant blue. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy was used to measure the absorbance of these materials. The quantum chemical computation of Sunset yellow dyes was calculated using the Gaussian 09W program by calculation of UV visible by Time Dependent Self Consistent Field (TD-SCF) Density functional method. As a calculation result, the absorbance value of the Sunset Yellow dye was absorbed at 380 nm, in experiment we measured the 421 nm. By measuring the voltage and resistance of the solar cell we determined the efficiency of Brilliant blue 3.73%, Allura red 3.92% and Sunset yellow 4.49%. Sunset yellow was higher than Allura red and Brilliant blue dyes. The reason for Sunset yellow food coloring dye absorbs the short-wave region and the azo dye in the chromophore group concluded that the π→π^*<σ→π^* electron transition is derived more high efficiency than Allura red, Brilliant blue food coloring dyes.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is chemically similar material of the bone minerals. Therefore, HA is replaceable material for bone scaffold. The synthetic HA includes no trace elements to compare with biological HA but HA that is extracted from biogenic resource is similar with human HA. In this study we extracted HA from Mongolian equine bones by calcination method in 600oC, 750oC, and 900oC. The characterizations were made with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and compared with standard. The elemental analysis was made by EDS. From the experimental results of HA that was obtained in 750oC was similar XRD spectrum with other experimental results than that of HA obtained in 900oC. The Mongolian equine bone is one of the convenient resources for extracting HA.
ZnO is the transparent semiconductor oxide with wide band gap value. Recently the nanoparticles of ZnO has been showed high photocatalytic activities depending on their substrates. In this work, ZnO thin films were prepared by spin coating methods using ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized hydro-thermal method. ZnO thin films coated on glass and indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The photocatalytic activities were studied these different substrates with ZnO thin film. ZnO thin films were used as catalyst for reaction Cr(VI) into Cr(III) for environmental protection. From our results thin film on ITO substrates showed more significant reduction of Cr(VI) than thin films on glass substrate. The photocatalitic activity was studied by UV-visible spectrometer with various chromium concentration solutions.
Extraction of DNA using magnetic nanoparticles as solid state support has several advantages compared to other techniques used for the same purpose. Centrifugation steps, toxic organic compounds, the risk of cross-contamination and manual handling when using traditional methods can be avoided in this technique. Furthermore, the efficiency of magnetic separation is especially suited for full automation and large-scale purifications. In this study, synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using ferric and ferrous salts by co-precipitation method, subsequently, surface modification by amino-functionalization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was conducted. Chemical composition, crystal structure, particles size and chemical bonds of functional groups were investigated by using X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Photon Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (PCCS) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, respectively.
Bovine Lactoferricin (LfcinB), which consists of positively charged 25 amino acid residues, is an antimicrobial peptide released by pepsin cleavage of lactoferrin. In this work, the molecular dynamic simulation 25ns continued for the mechanism of structure, orientation and interactions between LfcinB and acidic phospholipid bilayer with the weight percentage of 80% dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) and 20% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and neutral phospholipid bilayer with the weight percentage of 100% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) have been investigated as mimicking the cell membrane of the bacteria. The peptide interacts with the lipid head groups of zwetterionic and negatively charged membrane bilayers.
The density functional theory plane-wave pseudopotential method was employed to study four low-index ZnO surfaces, which were (001), (100), (101) and (110) respectively. The structural parameters, surface energy, band structures and density of states were investigated. Present results show that the surfaces form the sequence (110) < (100) < (101) < (001) in order of increasing energy. That is to say (110) is the most stable and (001) is the least stable of the four surfaces. The calculations of band structures and density of states suggested that valence bands of the four surfaces mainly consist of Zn 3d and O 2p orbitals and the conduction bands are mainly composed by O 2p states. The calculated band gaps are 0.3066, 0.5060, 0.4050 and 0.7082 eV, corresponding to (001), (100), (101) and (110) surfaces, respectively. Among the four band gaps, we can easily know the biggest one is (110) and the smallest one is (001).
Problems in Mongolian mining include deficient remediation measures and a lack of consideration for environmental issues. In 2011, used mining sites were 20401.3 hectare and remediated land was 4630.3 hectare in phase one, 4587.6 hectare in phase two which is biologically remediated. Overall statistics indicate that only 22.4% of mining are is properly remediated and there is dozens of abandoned mine land.
Abstract- The main goal of this paper is to propose an image processing method to determine mandibular density automatically using computed tomography (CT) data in order to provide accurate information about where to drill and place an abutment screw of implants in the jaw bone for doctors. The experiment was performed on a computed tomography data of jaw bone of two different individuals and the angle between drill and the vertical axis of Cartesian coordinate was changed from 10° to 25° by 5° interval. The results showed that regardless of the angle of the drill and the diameter of the drill a cylinder that drilling is available was found. Also, there was a positive correlation between the angle of the drill and time complexity but a negative correlation between the diameter of the drill and time complexity.
The main goal of this paper is to propose an image processing method to determine mandibular density automatically using computed tomography (CT) data in order to provide accurate information about where to drill and place an abutment screw of implants in the jaw bone for doctors. The experiment was performed on a computed tomography data of jaw bone of two different individuals and the angle between drill and the vertical axis of Cartesian coordinate was changed from 10° to 25° by 5° interval. The results showed that regardless of the angle of the drill and the diameter of the drill a cylinder that drilling is available was found. Also, there was a positive correlation between the angle of the drill and time complexity but a negative correlation between the diameter of the drill and time complexity.
Two different types of biofertilizer (F1 and F2) tested on wastewater bioremediation and soil composting. Water used as negative control. After 30 days of wastewater treatment, average concentration of macro chemicals reduced 39.25% for F1, 19.75% for F2 and microelements were reduced 40.2% for F1 and 22.6% for F2. This indicates that both fertilizers are effectively adsorbed chemicals from wastewater. Overall results of heavy metal and other chemical removal rate were 39.4% and 23.1% respectively. In soil composting experiment, we used total 90 grains, which divided into 3 groups and treated with water, F1 and F2. During experiment, we watered Elaeagnus argentea everyday with water, F1 and F2 (fertilizers suspended in water with 1%). Plant height measured twice a week. After 55 days height of plants were 29.1cm for water group, 33.5cm for F1 group and 32.3cm for F2 groups. This results suggest that both fertilizers are significantly effective (p<0.05) than water. However, there are no significant difference observed between F1 and F2.
