Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл

The global urgency for environmentally friendly technologies has steadily intensified, and as a result, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants traditionally used to combat bacterial infections has garnered significant interest. Goals. This research endeavors to synthesize silver nanoparticles utilizing Jidanga and Banzdo plants, widely recognized in traditional medicine, while elucidating their physical, chemical attributes, and biological potential. Methods. The physicochemical characteristics of these silver nanoparticles, synthesized through phytosynthesis, were meticulously examined via various analytical techniques. Ultraviolet and visible light spectrophotometry (UV/Vis), Photon Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (PCCS), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Crystallography (XRD) were employed for comprehensive analysis. Additionally, their antitumor efficacy was assessed via MTT assay utilizing RAW264.7 cell cultures, while antibacterial properties were evaluated through agar diffusion tests against selected bacterial strains. Results. Silver nanoparticles exhibited distinctive UV/Vis absorption peaks at 407-426 nm, affirming their composition. PCCS measurements revealed nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters spanning from ~100 nm to ~450 nm, while AFM imaging showcased spherical nanoparticles ranging from ~35 nm to ~97 nm. Crystallography analysis identified both simple cubic and polycrystalline structures. FTIR analysis unveiled the presence of organic compounds adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surfaces, in addition to silver bonds. Notably, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Banzdo plants demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of RAW264.7 cell growth via the MTT assay. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against a range of test bacteria with inhibition zones spanning 1-4 mm. Conclusion, this study successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles utilizing Jidanga and Banzdo plants from traditional medicine, comprehensively characterizing their physicochemical attributes and demonstrating their biological activity. These findings hold promise for the future utilization of phytosynthetically derived silver nanoparticles. Keywords: Jidanga, Banzdo, silver nanoparticles, phytosynthesis Түлхүүр үг: Жиданга, банздо, мөнгөний нанопартикл, фитосинтез

Determinations the potentials of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis by yeast strains isolated from wild berries M. Enkhmaa¹, R. Chinzorig², Ch. Ganzorig¹ J. Boldbaatar¹ ¹ Laboratory of Nanomaterial, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, center for Nanoscience and nanotechnology, National University of Mongolia ² e-lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National University of Mongolia The preparation of nanomaterials involves chemical, physical, and biological methods. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the eco-friendly synthesis of highly biocompatible nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Yeasts, known for releasing enzymes and metabolic products, offer a unique extracellular synthesis route for nanomaterials, promising innovative solutions in the field. In this study yeast strains were isolated from the Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, and Lonicera caerulea respectively in Mongolia. The three yeast strains were selected based on the ability to utilize carbon sources. They were further identified using API 20C AUX to be yeast species Candida tropicalis, Candida norvegensis, and Kloeckera apiculate. The AgNPs produced by Candida tropicalis, Kloeckera apiculate, and Candida norvegensis at 30°C for 24 hours. The AgNPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The UV-vis spectra demonstrated a broad peak centering at 412 nm to 420 nm. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a uniform spherical shape and fine size, with an average size of 54.9 nm to 108.2 nm. FTIR analysis was employed to characterize and identify the potential biomolecules on the synthesized AgNPs. The broad band at 3425.9-3208.1 cm − 1 corresponds to −OH stretching. The band at 1641.5-1638.1 cm − 1 in the yeast extract is due to the C=O stretching vibration of carboxyl moieties. The low peak at 2125.6-2108.4 cm − 1 is attributed to the C=C stretching vibration. These results demonstrated that biomolecules of the yeast extract were responsible for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to antibacterial activities of yeast AgNPs against two pathogenic bacteria were determined. The highest antibacterial effect was observed on S.aureus with additional obvious effects on E.coli. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Yeast, antibacterial activity

Introduction to the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology J. Boldbaatar, M. Otgon-Ujin, D. Maral, O. Erdenechimeg, Ch. Ganzorig Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Email: ch_ganzorig@num.edu.mn Founded in 2008, the center has swiftly become a focal point for nanotechnology research and education in Mongolia. Over the years, it has undertaken a plethora of nanotechnology projects catering to both local and international communities. A significant part of the center’s mission revolves around capacity building in nanoscience. Recognizing the need for specialized knowledge and skills in the field, the center has initiated master’s programs in 2009, ensuring access to cutting edge research and training for postgraduate students. Not resting on its laurels, the center further expanded its educational outreach by introducing bachelor's programs in 2014. This expansion has enabled a continuous supply of skilled professionals trained right from the undergraduate level, strengthening the field's talent pool. In a strategic move in 2021, the center shifted its primary focus, rebranding its activities to emphasize the application of nanotechnology in the realm of natural and biological resources. This shift demonstrates the center's commitment to harnessing the potential of nanotechnology in diverse sectors. Now, the center is channeling its resources and expertise into six distinct research priorities. Foremost, a Simulation and Computation for delving into the computational aspects of nanotechnology, this priority aims to harness the power of simulations to understand and predict nanoscale phenomena. Another category of Nanomaterial is dedicated to the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel nanomaterials, which are the building blocks of nanotechnology. Moreover, an emerging field, Organic Electronics and Devices, focuses on developing electronics and devices using organic compounds, offering flexibility and potentially more sustainable production methods. Based on vast number of biological resources of Mongolia, Nanobiotechnology bridges between biology and nanotechnology, this interdisciplinary priority aims to create innovations that can revolutionize healthcare, agriculture, and more. Moreover, recognizing the importance of sustainable mining and construction, our Mining, Civil and Environmental Engineering area seeks to integrate nanotechnology for environmental protection and optimized resource utilization. Finally, going beyond pure research, Science Education and Entrepreneurship priority underscores the importance of educating the next generation and fostering a spirit of entrepreneurship in the field of science education and nanotechnology. In essence, the center continues to evolve, reflecting the dynamic nature of the nanoscience field and positioning itself at the forefront of technological and educational advancements.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Jidanga and Banzdo Plant Extracts from Traditional Medicinal Sources A.Bayanmunkh1, D.Dejidmaa3, G.Oyuundelger1, O.Odgerel2, J.Boldbaatar1 1. Laboratory of food Analysis, Department of biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia 2. Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of chemical and biological engineering, School and applied science and engineering, National University of Mongolia 3. Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Applied Science and Engineering, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia. Email:boldbaatar.j@seas.num.edu.mn Abstract The global imperative for environmentally friendly technologies has grown increasingly urgent. This research endeavors to synthesize silver nanoparticles utilizing Jidanga and Banzdo plants, widely recognized in traditional medicine, while elucidating their physical, chemical attributes, and biological potential. The physicochemical characteristics of these silver nanoparticles, synthesized through phytosynthesis, were meticulously examined via various analytical techniques. Ultraviolet and visible light spectrophotometry (UV/Vis), Photon Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (PCCS), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Crystallography (XRD) were employed for comprehensive analysis. Additionally, their antitumor efficacy was assessed via MTT assay utilizing RAW264.7 cell cultures, while antibacterial properties were evaluated through agar diffusion tests against selected bacterial strains. Silver nanoparticles exhibited distinctive UV/Vis absorption peaks at 407-426 nm, affirming their composition. PCCS measurements revealed nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters spanning from ~100 nm to ~450 nm, while AFM imaging showcased spherical nanoparticles ranging from ~35 nm to ~97 nm. Crystallography analysis identified both simple cubic and polycrystalline structures. FTIR analysis unveiled the presence of organic compounds adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surfaces, in addition to silver bonds. Notably, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Banzdo plants demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of RAW264.7 cell growth via the MTT assay. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against a range of test bacteria with inhibition zones spanning 1-4 mm. In conclusion, this study successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles utilizing Jidanga and Banzdo plants from traditional medicine, comprehensively characterizing their physicochemical attributes and demonstrating their biological activity. These findings hold promise for the future utilization of phytosynthetically derived silver nanoparticles. Keywords: Jidanga, Banzdo, silver nanoparticles, phytosynthesis

ЭМИЙН УРГАМАЛ АШИГЛАН ГАРГАН АВСАН МӨНГӨНИЙ НАНОПАРКТИКЛЫН БАКТЕРИЙН ЭСРЭГ ҮЙЛДЛИЙГ ТОГТООСОН ДҮН Ж.Болдбаатар1, Г.Оюундэлгэр1, Ж.Ирэхбаяр1, А.Баянмөнх2 1 Монгол улсын их сургууль, ХШУИС, Хими, биологийн инженерчлэлийн тэнхим 1 Монгол улсын их сургууль, ШУС, БУС, Биологийн тэнхими 1 Монгол улсын их сургууль, ШУС, БУС, Химийн тэнхим 2 Эм судлалын хүрээлэн, Монос групп Хураангуй: Мөнгөнийн нанопартикл нь бактерийн эсрэг өргөн эмчилгээний үйлдэлтэй бөгөөд орчин үед халдваргүйжүүлэх, ариутгах зорилгоор эмчилгээний бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэхэд өргөнөөр ашиглаж байгаа хэдий ч гарган авах технологи нь өртөг өндөртэйд тооцогддог. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд ногоон технологи буюу эмийн ургамлыг ашиглан нанопартикл гарган авах технологи түгээмэл болж байгаа бөгөөд ургамлын бионэгдэлтэй нэгдсэн нэгдэл нь эмчилгээний үр дүн өндөр байх магадлалтай юм. Бидний судалгааны дүнд уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд бактерийн эсрэг үйлдэл бүхий Жиданга, Банздо ургамлыг ашиглан мөнгөний нитратаас ~142 – 221 нм хэмжээтэй, ургамлын бионэгдлийн 6 химийн холбоос агуулсан мөнгөнийн нанопартикл гарган авсан бөгөөд B.subtilis, P.aeruginosa E.faecalis, E. M.luteus бактерийн эсрэг үйлдэлтэй болохыг тогтоов. Түлхүүр үг: Мөнгөнийн нанопартикл, фотосинтез, эмийн ургамал, бактерийн эсрэг үйлдэл Оршил: Монгол улсын 1000 хүн ам тутамд өдөрт 64,41 нэгж тун антибиотик ноогдож байгаа нь антибиотикийн хэрэглээ өндөртөй орны тоонд орж байна. Антибиотик нь бактерийн гаралтай өвчлөлд үр дүнтэй боловч сүүлийн хэдэн арван жил түүний зохисгүй хэрэглээ нь эмчилгээний үр дүнг бууруулж байгаагаас гадна ихэнх өвчин үүсгэгч бактериуд антибиотикт тэсвэртэй болсон байна. Тухайлбал манай улсын 2019 оны антибиотикийн хэрэглээ ба нянгийн тэсвэржилтийн судалгааны тайланд улсын 4-р шатлалын нэг эмнэлэгт антибиотикийн хэрэглээ зохисгүй түвшинд байсан ба грамм эерэг коккийн хувьд ампициллинд 48%, гентамицинд 55%, эритромицинд 57%, ципрофлоксацинд 18%, цефазолинд 45%, левомицетинд 45%, нитрофурантоинд 40%, триметопримд 75% тэсвэржсэн байна. Грам сөрөг савханцар Pseudomnonas нь ампициллинд 100%, гентамицинд 73%, эритромицинд 100%, ципрофлоксацинд 27%, цефазолинд 91%, левомицетинд 73%, нитрофурантоинд 100%, триметопримд 100% тэсвэржсэн байжээ 1. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд антибиотикийг орлохуйц нэгдлийг хайх судалгаа болон уламжлалт хэрэглэж ирсэн мөнгөнийн ионыг өөрчлөх замаар шинэ эм бэлдмэлийн судалгаа эрчимжсэн 2,3,4. Мөнгөнийн давсыг фотосинтезын /зарим тохиолдолд ногоон технологи ч гэж нэрлэнэ/ аргаар нанохэмжээст оруулах арга ихээхэн түгээмэл болж байгаа бөгөөд үүнд эмийн ургамлыг өргөн ашиглаж ихээхэн сонирхол татахуйцаас гадна эмийн ургамалтай хосолсон мөнгөнийн нэгдлийг эмчилгээнд ашиглах боломжийг олгох бололцоог бий болгож байна. Энэхүү ажлын хүрээнд бид Монголын уламжлалт анагаах ухааны жоронд нян нядлах чадалтай гэж тэмдэглэгдсэн ургамлаас 2 зүйл ургамлыг сонгон авч ногоон фотосинтезэд ашиглан мөнгөнийн нано партикл гарган авч бактерийн эсрэг болон эсийн хорон чанарыг судлав.

ХОНИНЫ НООСНЫ КЕРАТИН БОЛОН НИМБЭГНИЙ ХҮЧЛИЙН ХОЛИМОГ БИОФИЛМ ГАРГАН АВАХ ОНОВЧТОЙ НӨХЦӨЛИЙГ ТОГТООХ СУДАЛГАА Б.Болдбаатар 1 , Б.Оюунхорол 1 , Ж.Болдбаатар 1 1 МУИС, ХШУИС, Наношинжлэх ухаан, нано технологийн төв, ХБИТ, Нано материалын лаборатори boldbaatar.j@seas.num.edu.mn ХУРААНГУЙ Монгол орны хувьд хог хаягдлын менежмент төдийлөн сайн хөгжөөгүй бөгөөд нэг жилд ойролцоогоор 3 сая гаруй тонн хог хаягдал үүсдэгээс 212 мянга гаруй тонн нь гялгар уутны хаягдал байдаг. Манай орон уг хаягдлын 17.5%-ийг нь дахин боловсруулдаг бөгөөд үлдсэн хог хаягдлын дийлэнх (2.8 сая тонн) хувийг хөрсөнд дарж булдаг. Гялгар уут буюу хуванцрын хаягдал нь макро болон микро түвшинд хөрс, агаар болон усны бохирдлыг үүсгэж байна. Бэлчээрийн мал аж ахуйд түшиглэдэг манай орны хувьд микро хог хаягдал нь ургамлын гарц багасах, ундны усны бохирдол үүсэх, бэлчээрийн нөхөн сэргэлт муудах зэрэг асуудлуудыг үүсгэдэг. Иймд Монгол орны нөөц баялагт тулгуурлан гялгар уутыг орлуулах шинэ материалыг дотооддоо гарган авах нэн хэрэгцээ тулгарч байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар хонины ноосноос устөрөгчийн хэт исэл ашиглан кератин гаргаж авч, кератин болон нимбэгний хүчлийн холимог биофильм гарган авах оновчтой нөхцөлийг тогтоон, биофильмийн шинж чанарыг судалсан. Кератин болон нимбэгний хүчлийн холимог биофильмийн гадаргуугийн морфологийг сканнинг электрон микроскоп ашиглан тодорхойлсон, биофильм доторх химийн холбоог Фурье хувиргалттай хэт улаан туяаны спектрометр (FT-IR), керантины жинг электрофорезоор тодорхойлж, механик шинж чанар, дулаанд тэсвэртэй байдлыг материалын даацын багаж болон термогравиметрийн шинжилгээгээр тодорхойлсон. Судалгаанд кератин болон нимбэгний хүчлийн агууламжийг тус бүр 5-20 wt%-ийн концентрациар холиход кератины агууламж 15 wt%, нимбэгний хүчлийн агууламж 10 wt% байх үед өндөр суналтын бат бэх 11 МПа бүхий тохиромжит биофильм үүссэн. Хэт исэл ашиглан гарган авсан кератин уургийн жин 75 – 50 kDa буюу амжилттай уураг ялгасан ба хэт улаан туяаны спектрометрийн үр дүн нимбэгний хүчлийн карбонил бүлэг кератины амид 1, 2-р бүлэг буюу уургийн амин бүлэгтэй холбогддог болохыг харуулж байна. Мөн дулааны анализын үр дүнгээс кератин болон нимбэгний хүчлийн холимог биофильм ойролцоогоор 190℃−т хайлж, 220 ℃-т дулааны задралд ордог нь дулаанд тэсвэртэй шинж чанарыг илтгэж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Ноос, Кератин, нимбэгний хүчил, гялгар уут, биофильм

Sheep wool is one of the most common waste derived from agriculture and also a great source of keratin. In this study, chemical reduction and alkali hydrolysis methods of extracting keratin from wool were studied for purpose of reusing the waste wool, and the products were used to fabricate wet-spun hybrid fibers by mixing with PVA. The comparative yield of two extraction methods were investigated, and the optimal precursor concentration ratio for keratin extraction were identified. The effect of keratin concentration and wet-spinning flow rate on the mechanical properties of fabricated fibers were studied. Therefore, this study encourages the further investigation of wool keratin-based hybrid biomaterials, which could provide a new way to reuse waste wools.

Sheep wool is one of the most common wastes derived from agriculture and also a great source of keratin. In this study, chemical reduction and alkali hydrolysis methods of extracting keratin from wool were studied for the purpose of reusing the waste wool, and the products were used to fabricate wet-spun hybrid fibers by mixing with PVA. The comparative yield of the two extraction methods was investigated, and the optimal precursor concentration ratio for keratin extraction was identified. The effects of keratin concentration and wet-spinning flow rate on the mechanical properties of fabricated fibers were studied. Therefore, this study encourages the further investigation of wool keratin-based hybrid biomaterials, which could provide a new way to reuse waste wool.

Хөрөнгөнцөрийн уураг, метаболит бүтээгдэхүүнийг ихээр ялгаруулдаг, хурдан үрждэг шинж чанарт нь үндэслэн түүнийг мөнгөний нанопартиклийн биосинтезд ангижруулагч, тогтворжуулагч болгон ашигладаг. Энэхүү синтезийн процесст хөрөнгөнцөрийн биомолекулууд нь нанопартиклийг бүрхэж, тогтвортой байдлыг сайжруулж биологийн идэвхийг бий болгодог. Энэхүү судалгаанд Монгол оронд түгээмэл ургадаг зэрлэг жимснүүдээс (Vaccinium Vitis-idaea, Padua Asiatica, Lonicera Caerulea) хөрөнгөнцрийн гурван цэвэр өсгөврийг ялган авч, ангилал зүйг Biomeriex Api 20C AUX хөрөнгөнцөр таних тест ашиглан нүүрс ус задлах идэвхит нь үндэслэн тодорхойлсон. Хөрөнгөнцрийн зүйлүүдийг ашиглан эсийн гаднах синтезийн аргаар мөнгөний нанопартиклийг синтезлэн физик-химийн шинж чанарыг тогтоосон. Синтезлэсэн мөнгөний нанопартиклууд UV/Vis спектрт 410-420 нм орчимд шингээлт үзүүлсэн. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) шинжилгээгээр мөнгөний нанопартикл нийлэгжүүлэхэд үүссэн химийн холбоог тодорхойлсон. Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS) ашиглан нанопартиклийн гидродинамик хэмжээг тодорхойлход дундаж диаметр нь ~54 нм -ээс ~174 нм, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ашиглан ~10.3 нм- ээс ~94.5 нм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй ширхэглэгтэй, бөөрөнхий хэлбэртэй нанопартиклууд үүссэнг тодорхойлсон. Мөнгөний нанопартиклийн бактерийн эсрэг идэвхийг Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus бактериудад Кирби-Бауерийн нэвчүүлэх аргыг ашиглан тодорхойлоход 8-19 мм хүртэлх ариун бүс үзүүлсэн нь бидний синтезлэсэн мөнгөний нанопартикл нь бактерийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй болох нь батлагдсан.

This study investigated physicochemical properties of keratin extracted from Mongolian sheep wool using two chemical extraction methods (chemical reduction and alkali hydrolysis) and hybrid fibers were fabricated using different proportions of keratin and PVA. The methods of extracting keratin from wool were studied for the purpose of reusing the waste wool. The highest protein yield produced by the chemical reduction method (KCH) was 64.6%, while the highest extraction yield obtained with the alkali hydrolysis method (KAH) was 71.3%. The KCH samples contained higher molecular weight (26-33 kDa) protein components, whereas the KAH samples contained relatively smaller protein material (25 kDa). Keratin obtained from various extraction methods had different yield, morphology, and physicochemical properties. FT-IR analysis indicated that peaks of reduction and alkali hydrolysis extracts were same and hydrogen bonds were established between PVA and keratin during the wet-spinning process. Also, Young’s modulus of hybrid fibers varied due to the compression rate and keratin content. Therefore, this study encourages the further investigation of keratin-based hybrid fibers, which could provide a new way to reuse waste wools.

The yeast strains were isolated from the Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, and Lonicera caerulea respectively in Mongolia. The three yeast strains were selected based on the ability to utilize carbon sources they were further identified using API 20C AUX to be yeast species Candida tropicalis, Candida norvegensis, and Kloeckera apiculate. The AgNPs produced by Candida tropicalis, Kloeckera apiculate, and Candida norvegensis at 30 °C for 24 hours. The AgNPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The UV-vis spectra demonstrated a broad peak centering at 412 nm to 420 nm. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a uniform spherical shape and fine size, with an average size of 54.9 nm to 108.2 nm. FTIR analysis was employed to characterize and identify the potential biomolecules on the synthesized Ag NPs. The broad band at 3425.9-3208.1 𝑐𝑚−1 corresponds to −OH stretching. The band at 1641.5-1638.1 𝑐𝑚−1 in the yeast extract is due to the C=O stretching vibration of carboxyl moieties. The low peak at 2125.6-2108.4 𝑐𝑚−1 is attributed to the C=C stretching vibration. These results demonstrated that biomolecules of the yeast extract were responsible for the biosynthesis of Ag NPs. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to antibacterial activities of yeast AgNPs against two pathogenic bacteria were determined. The highest antibacterial effect was observed on S. aureus with additional obvious effects on E.coli.

For the last few decades, extracellular biosynthesis of nanoparticles has attracted a considerable amount of interest due to its cost-effective, eco-friendly process. In this study, extracellular biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was carried out using culture medium supernatant of S.aurantiogriseus, actinomycetes isolated from plant. The biosynthesis of CuO NPs was conducted under different concentrations of precursor and was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer which presented peaks between 264- and 271 nm. The band gap energies of CuO NPs biosynthesized from 10, 50, 100, 150mM concentrations of precursors were calculated using Tauc plot method to be 4.768, 4.87, 5.02, 4.92 eV respectively. The presence of active proteins in supernatant before and after biosynthesis was identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The average hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles were determined by Photon cross correlation spectroscopy (PCCS) to be 300 nm when 10 mM and 50 mM precursors were used. Meanwhile, biosynthesized nanoparticles using 100 mM and 150 mM concentrations of precursor had diameters of 215 nm and 245 nm. The crystalline nature and surface morphology were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM), which proved CuO NP as roughly spherical in shape and amorphous in nature

Монгол оронд түгээмэл ургадаг зэрлэг жимснүүдээс (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Padua asiatica, Lonicera caerulea) хөрөнгөнцрийн цэвэр өсгөврийг ялган авч, ангилал зүйг Biomeriex Api 20C AUX хөрөнгөнцөр таних тест ашиглан нүүрс ус задлах идэвхийг нь үндэслэн Api 20C AUX V4.0 ашиглан тодорхойлоход Д-1 өсгөвөр нь Candida tropicalis, C-1 өсгөвөр нь Candida norvegensis, Ү-2 өсгөвөр нь Kloeckera apiculate зүйлд хамаарагдаж байв. Дээрх хөрөнгөнцрийн зүйлүүдийг ашиглан эсийн гаднах нийлэгжүүлэлтээр мөнгөний нанопартиклийг нийлэгжүүлэн Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Photon Cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) шинжилгээнүүдээр физик-химийн шинж чанарыг тодорхойлов. Мөнгөний нанопартиклууд нь UV/Vis спектрт 410-420 нм орчимд шингээлт үзүүлсэн. FTIR спектроскопийн спектрүүдээр мөнгөний нанопартикл нийлэгжүүлэхэд үүссэн химийн холбоог тодорхойлсон. Нанопартиклийн гидродинамик хэмжээг PCCS багаж шинжилгээг хийхэд дундаж диаметр нь ~54 нм -ээс ~174 нм, ширхэглэгийн хэмжээг AFM багаж ашиглан тодорхойлоход ~10.3 нм-ээс ~94.5 нм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй, бөөрөнхий хэлбэртэй нанопартиклууд үүссэнг тодорхойлсон. Мөнгөний нанопартиклийн бактерийн эсрэг идэвхийг Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus бактериудад Кирби-Бауерийн нэвчүүлэх аргыг ашиглан тодорхойлоход 8-19 мм хүртэлх ариун бүс үзүүлсэн нь мөнгөний нанопартикл нь бактерийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй болох нь батлагдаж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Хөрөнгөнцөр, мөнгөний нанопартикл, бактерийн эсрэг идэвх

Гидрогел нь их хэмжээний усыг шингээж, хадгалах чадвартай хөндлөн холбоос бүхий биоматериал юм 1. Гидрогелийг бага болон дунд хэмжээний идээ бээртэй шархан дээр тавихад тохиромжтой бөгөөд шархны гаднах идээ бээрийг сорж, чийглэг орчинтой байлгаснаар шархны эдгэрэлтийг түргэсгэдэг 2. Кератин уураг агуулсан гидрогел нь хоруу чанаргүй, дархлааны хариу урвал өдөөдөггүй ба кератины пептидүүдийг шарх руу ялгаруулж, арьсны кератиноцитуудыг идэвхжүүлж шархны эдгэрэлтийг түргэсэгдэг 3. Уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд шарх үүсэх үед хөвөн шатааж тавих байдлаар хөвөнгийн үнсийг ашиглаж шархыг эдгээдэг. Уг судалгааны ажлаар хөвөнгийн үнсний хоруу чанар, шарх эдгээх чадварыг эсийн өсгөвөрт шугаман эс ашиглаж туршсан. Мөн хонины ноосноос кератин уургийг гидролизийн аргаар гарган авч, түүний уургийн агуулгыг тогтоосон. Гарган авсан кератин уургийг ашиглан гидрогел гарган авч, шинж чанарыг судлав. NIH3T3 эс ашиглан хөвөнгийн үнс агуулсан тэжээлийн орчны хоруу чанар, шарх эдгээлтийг судлахад хоруу чанаргүй, 25 мкг/мл концентрац нь илүү богино хугацаад шархыг эдгээж байсан. Бүтцийн болон элементийн анализ хийхэд аморф бүтэцтэй, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr зэрэг элементүүд агуулагдаж байгааг тогтоосон. Кератин уургийн агуулгыг Бредфордын аргаар тодорхойлоход 2.68 мкг/мл байсан. Гидрогелийн ус шингээх болон хадгалах чадварыг судлахад кератин/PVA/хөвөнгийн үнс агуулсан гидрогел бусад гидрогелүүдээс илүү ус шингээх, хадгалах чадвартай байсан. Гидрогелийн химийн холбоог FT-IR ашиглан судлахад кератин уургийн холбоонуудтай төстэй байсан. Гидрогелийн гадаргууг SEM ашиглан зураглахад PVA холимог болох тусам сүвний хэмжээ буурж, илүү сүвэрхэг болж буйг тогтоосон. Хөвөнгийн үнс нь in vitro туршилтад хоруу чанаргүй, шарх эдгээлтийг дэмждэг болох нь тогтоогдов. Гидролизийн аргаар хонины ноосноос 2.68 мкг/мл концентрацтай кератин уураг ялган авсан. Кератин/PVA/хөвөнгийн үнс агуулсан гидрогел нь ус шингээх, хадгалах чадвар өндөртэй байв. Гидрогелийн химийн холбооны пик кератины холбооны пикүүдтэй тун төсөөтэй байсан учир кератин суурьтай гидрогел гэж үзэв. PVA холимог болох тусам сүвний хэмжээ буурч, сүвэрхэг шинж чанар нэмэгдсэн.

Fabrication of antibacterial thin film using cuprous oxide nanocomposites

Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, is known to exhibit multiple biological functions including antitumor activity. We previously reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffold protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) reduces curcumin-induced cell death by modulating p38 MAPK and autophagy through the regulation of lysosome positioning. In this study, we investigated the role of JNK/stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1), a JLP family member, in curcumin-induced stress, and found that JSAP1 also attenuates curcumin-induced cell death. However, JSAP1 knockout showed no or little effect on the activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs in response to curcumin. In addition, small molecule inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPKs did not increase curcumin-induced cell death. Furthermore, JSAP1 depletion did not impair lysosome positioning and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Instead, we noticed substantial autolysosome accumulation accompanied by an inefficient autophagic flux in JSAP1 knockout cells. Taken together, these results indicate that JSAP1 is involved in curcumin-induced cell death differently from JLP, and may suggest that JSAP1 plays a role in autophagosome degradation and its dysfunction results in enhanced cell death. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches using curcumin for cancer.

Lysosomes are involved in many cellular functions, and in turn lysosomal dysfunction underlies a variety of diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomes are distributed broadly in the cytoplasm and can move throughout the cell in kinesin- and dynein-dependent manners. Although many mechanisms of lysosomal transport have been reported, how lysosomal transport is regulated has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study we analyzed c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), an adaptor of kinesin and dynein motor proteins, and found that lysosomes were localized toward the cell periphery in JLP knockdown cells, leading to the impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, we performed rescue experiments using wild-type JLP and its various deletion mutants. The results indicated that JLP may regulate lysosome localization and autophagy through interaction of JLP with kinesin-1 heavy chain, but not with dynactin p150Glued or lysosomal transmembrane protein 55b. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking regulation. This study contributes to the understanding of how lysosomes exert their multiple functions, potentially leading to the identification of molecular targets for diseases caused by lysosomal dysfunction.

Previous studies have established the antitumor activity of curcumin, a major component of turmeric. Increasing evidence indicates that curcumin induces autophagy, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) intracellular signaling pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a scaffold protein for MAPK signaling pathways, has been identified as a candidate biomarker for cancer. In this study, we explored the role of JLP in curcumin-induced cancer cell death. We found that JLP knockdown (KD) increases cell death and intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, JLP KD impaired lysosomal accumulation around perinuclear regions, which led to the inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and attenuated p38 MAPK activation in curcumin-treated cells. The decreases in cell viability and p38 MAPK activation were reversed by expressing wild-type JLP but not a JLP mutant lacking the p38 MAPK-binding domain. In addition, the inactivation of a key gene involved in autophagy increased sensitivity to curcumin-induced cell death. Together, these results suggest that JLP mediates the induction of autophagy by regulating lysosome positioning and p38 MAPK signaling, indicating an overall protective role in curcumin-induced ROS-mediated cancer cell death.