Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
1. Introduction Curd is one of the Mongolian traditional dairy products, nutritious and useful in many ways for the human body. Mongolians produce curd at the household level, usually by manually processing milk. In recent years, it has been mass-produced and sold in the domestic market. In this study, we select a type of curd – khorkhoi aaruul, commercially available, irradiated them with 3 different doses of X-ray radiation, and compared their microbial and physicochemical qualities with control samples’ in order to investigate the possibility of reducing the total number of bacteria, extending the shelf life, and complying with international hygiene standards. 2. Methods We irradiated the samples using an RS1800 Q4 biological irradiator (figure 1) [1]. Irradiation doses were 1 kGy, 3 kGy, and 5 kGy. We measured the total number of bacteria, the total number of molds in the irradiated and control samples. Also, in order to study the physicochemical changes in curd after irradiating with the ionizing radiation, the content of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamin C, and changes in color, smell, and taste were determined. 3. Results and Discussion When curd samples were irradiated with X-rays, the total number of bacteria was significantly reduced. The total number of bacteria in the control sample was 4.20*106 cfu when grown in plate count agar non-selective medium, while the total number of bacteria in the sample irradiated with 1 kGy decreased to 3.20*106 cfu; 1.20*106 cfu after irradiating with a dose of 3 kGy, and 2.00*105 cfu after irradiating with a dose of 5 kGy, respectively. However, the intestinal pathogenic bacteria and molds were not detected when cultured on selective media Endo agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Table 1. Analyzed chemical composition of the control and irradiated samples. Irradiation dose Item Control 1 kGy 3 kGy 5 kGy Protein (%) 33.71 24.01 21.51 18.78 Fat (%) 27.72 24.03 22.31 19.62 Vitamin C (mg in 100 g) 2.28 2.11 2.06 2.14 X-ray irradiation did not occur any changes in the mineral content and chemical groups in the curd samples. It was observed that the storage time was extended, and among the 4 types of samples, the control sample started to mold first. There were no changes in sensory tests such as color, taste and smell. 4. Conclusion When the samples were irradiated with a dose of 3 kGy, the total number of bacteria decreased by 3-4 times. At 5 kGy irradiation, the total number of bacteria was greatly reduced, but other parameters, such as protein and fat content, were reduced. However, the total number of bacteria did not decrease sufficiently when irradiated with a dose of 1 kGy. Therefore, it was considered that it is possible to extend the shelf life of the selected brand of curd without losing its nutritional quality by irradiating them with 3 kGy dose
Цөмийн физикийн судалгаа үүссэнээс хойших 100 гаруй жилийн хугацаанд цөмийн бүтэц, урвалын талаар маш олон өгөгдөл, мэдээлэл хуримтлагджээ. Дэлхийн судалгааны лабораториудад янз бүрийн аргаар гарган авсан өгөгдлүүд хоорондоо ихээхэн зөрөх явдал элбэг байдаг. Иймээс, энэ олон өгөгдлүүдээс өөрт хэрэгтэйг олж авах, аль нь үнэн зөв болохыг тогтоох нь хэрэглэгчид ихээхэн төвөг учруулдаг. Цөмийн эрчим хүч, цөмийн технологийг ашиглаж буй ихэнх орнууд өөрсдийн цөмийн өгөгдлийн сантай байдаг бөгөөд тэндээсээ хэрэглэгчдээ найдвартай мэдээллээр хангаж байдаг. Манай улсад цөмийн цацраг, технологийг анагаах ухаан, геологи хайгуул, уул уурхайн үйлдвэрлэл зэрэгт нэвтрүүлэхтэй холбоотойгоор цөмийн өгөгдөл, мэдээллийг хэрэглэгчдийн тоо, эрэлт хэрэгцээ улам өсч байна. Гэвч манайд цөмийн өгөгдөл, мэдээллийн нэгдсэн сан байхгүй учир мэдээллээр гачигдаж, үнэн зөв мэдээлэл олж авахад бэрхшээл учирч байна. Иймээс бид ОУАЭА-ийн EXFOR санд байгаа цөмийн урвалын өгөгдлүүдийн 22579 файл буюу 22579 удаагийн туршилтын мэдээллийг R хэлний орчинд бичигдсэн програм- мын тусламжтайгаар нейтроноор, гамма-квантаар, хөнгөн ба хүнд ионоор явагдах урвалууд гэж ашиглахад эвтэй байдлаар 4 ангилан МУИС-ийн ЦФСТ-ийн компьютерийн “MINATO SERVER”-т байршуулав. Ингэж ангилсан өгөгдлүүдээ цаашид хэрхэн ашиглахын жишээ болгож (n, α), (n, p), (n, t), (n, 2n) болон (γ, n) урвалуудын огтлолын утгуудад системчилсэн анализ хийж, тодорхой зүй тогтлууд байгааг харуулав. Ажиглагдсан зүй тогтлуудыг цөмийн урвалын загвар, механизмуудын тусламжтайгаар тайлбарласан зарим үр дүнг үзүүлэв.
In the last years we have been studying the α-clustering in fast and slow neutrons induced (n,α) reactions using the statistical model and knock-on mechanism. In this work in the framework of the compound and direct reaction mechanisms, triton clustering factors (or probabilities) were first obtained for (n,t) reactions. In the case of compound mechanism, the statistical model based on the evaporation model and constant nuclear temperature approximation was used. For the direct reaction mechanism, the knock-on model was utilized. It was shown that the triton clustering factors obtained by the knock-on model are much larger than ones found by the statistical model. At the same time, the triton clustering factors for even-even target nuclei are on an average one order of magnitude lower than ones for odd-even nuclei.
The purpose of this work is to investigate the reliability of the virtual state solutions in the CSM as comparing with the solutions of the Jost function method. To investigate the structure of the virtual state, we calculate the energy eigenvalues, phase shifts and photodisintegration cross section of the two-body model with a two-range Gaussian potential by changing the strength of the attractive potential.
