Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл

Монгол Улсад хэрэглээний зээлийн хэмжээ огцом өсөж, 2024 оны эцсийн байдлаар банкны систем дэх хэрэглээний зээлийн үлдэгдэл 11.4 их наяд төгрөгт хүрч, өмнөх оноос 35.5 хувиар нэмэгдсэн байна. Орлогын өсөлтөөс давсан зардлын өсөлт, тэтгэврийн насны иргэдийн зээлийн өндөр хамаарал, мөн өр, орлогын харьцааны зохицуулалт 2024 онд 55 хувь, 2025 онд 50 хувь, 2026 оны эхнээс 45 хувь болж дараалан чангатгагдсан нь иргэдийн хувийн санхүүгийн удирдлагыг сайжруулах шаардлага нэмэгдэж байгааг харуулж байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Монголын нөхцөлд тохирсон, хиймэл оюунд суурилсан хувийн санхүүгийн ухаалаг туслах мобайл аппликейшний системийн загварыг боловсруулахад оршино. Санал болгож буй систем нь (i) орлого, зарлагын өгөгдөлд тулгуурласан шинжилгээ болон LSTM загвараар богино хугацааны таамаглал хийх, (ii) зарлагыг “танах боломжтой” болон “зайлшгүй” гэж ангилан what-if симуляци гүйцэтгэх, (iii) хэрэглэгчийн зан төлөвт суурилсан K-Means кластерчлал болон Reinforce- ment Learning аргачлалаар хувь хүнд тохирсон зөвлөмж боловсруулах, (iv) зээлийн бүтцийг оновчлох алгоритмын шийдлийг багтаана. Судалгааны хүрээнд санал болгож буй модулиудыг үнэлэх арга зүйг боловсруулж, LSTM таамаглалыг MAE, RMSE, MAPE үзүүлэлтээр, зарлагын ангиллыг Accu- racy, Precision, Recall, F1-score үзүүлэлтээр, K-Means кластерчлалыг Silhouette score болон Davies-Bouldin index- ээр, Reinforcement Learning зөвлөмжийн модулийг cumu- lative reward, convergence болон saving rate үзүүлэлтээр үнэлэхээр тодорхойлов. Мөн санал болгож буй AI аргачлалуудыг moving average, naive forecast, rule-based зөвлөмж болон Avalanche өр төлөлтийн стратеги зэрэг baseline аргуудтай харьцуулах үнэлгээний хүрээг санал болгосон. Ингэснээр энэхүү судалгаа нь зөвхөн хувийн санхүүгийн бүртгэлийн аппликейшн бус, хэрэглэгчийн зан төлөвт дасан зохицож, санхүүгийн шийдвэр гаргалтыг дэмжих AI-д суурилсан ухаалаг туслах системийн архитектур, үнэлгээний арга зүйг Монголын нөхцөлд нийцүүлэн боловсруулснаараа ач холбогдолтой юм.

This study aims to examine the impact of individuals on fintech lending positions. While short-term, fast-decision online lending services are rapidly developing in the Mongolian fintech lending industry, the failure to consider consumer financial education, psychological impact, and consumption habits in loan evaluation is one of the main reasons for the emergence of non-performing loans. The PLS-SEM model was used to analyze the effects of behavioral variables such as financial literacy, risk perception, materialism, and emotionality on individual indebtedness. The results showed that financial literacy had the strongest positive effect on indebtedness. Risk perception positively affects emotionality and materialism, indicating that individual behavior could be explained indirectly. The model explains 32% of the variance in individual indebtedness (R² = 0.32). The study concludes that the integration of individual behavioral and psychological determinants into fintech lending-risk assessment frameworks, coupled with the development of targeted borrower financial-literacy interventions, has the potential to substantially mitigate default risk among fintech loan recipients. This study demonstrates that individual behavioral indicators significantly shape individual indebtedness; therefore, validating the foregoing results using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach was methodologically appropriate.

Нийгмийн даатгалын шимтгэл нь нийгмийн даатгалын хөрөнгийн эх үүсвэрийг бүрдүүлдэг. Монгол улсын үндсэн хуульд хүний эрх, эрх чөлөөг дээдэлж, эх орондоо хүмүүнлэг иргэний арьдчилсан нийгэм цогцуулан хөгжүүлэхийг эрхэм зорилго болгосон. Үүний нэг илрэл нь иргэдийн хөдөлмөрлөх ба нийгмийн хамгааллын эрхийн баталгааг хангах явдал чухал билээ. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор Монгол улсад 1995 оноос даатгуулагч бүр хөдөлмөр хөлс, түүнтэй адилтгах орлого, бодит орлого, ажил гүйцэтгэх, хөлсөөр ажиллах гэрээ болон тэдгээртэй адилтгах гэрээгээр тохирсон цалин хөлс зэрэг орлогоосоо тодорхой хувь хэмжээгээр шимтгэл төлж, нийгмийн даатгалын сан бүрдүүлж, авч байсан цалин хөлстэйгээ уялдаатай тэтгэвэр, тэтгэмж, төлбөр зардал авах агуулга бүхийн нийгмийн даатгалын тогтолцоо бүрдүүлсэн нь нийгмийн хамгааллын салбарт хийгдсэн томоохон шинэчлэл болсон. Нийгмийн даатгалын хуулиар нийгмийн даатгалын харилцаанд хөдөлмөр эрхэлж буй иргэд шимтгэл төлж, ажил олгогч, төр тодорхой хэмжээгээр хамтран оролцох харилцааг зохицуулсан. Мөн даатгуулагч тэтгэвэр, тэтгэмж, эрүүл мэнд, ажилгүйдлийн болон үйлдвэрлэлийн осол мэргэжлээс шалтгаалах өвчний эрсдэлээс хамгаалагдах зорилготой. Нийгмийн даатгалын зарчим нь даатгуулагчийн сангаас хүртэх үр шим нь төлсөн шимтгэлийн хэмжээ болон хугацаатайгаа уялдаатай байх юм. 2025-2028 оны “Гэр бүл, хөдөлмөр, нийгмийн хамгааллын салбарын стратеги төлөвлөгөө"-нд эдийн засгийн идэвхтэй хүн амын нийгмийн даатгалд хамрагдалтыг 82,7 % -д хүргэнэ гэсэн үр дүнг зорилтоо болгож тавьсан . Монгол улсын нийгмийн даатгалын багц хуулийн шинэчилсэн найруулгын үзэл баримтлал, агуулгад нийгмийн даатгалын шимтгэл ногдуулах орлогын бүрэлдэхүүнийг нарийвчлан тодорхойлж, даатгуулагчийн шимтгэл болон тэтгэвэр тэтгэмж тогтооход баримтлах цалин хөлс, түүнтэй адилтгах орлогод тооцох итгэлцүүрийг жил бүр шинэчлэн тогтоохоор болсон. Нийгмийн даатгалын ерөнхий хуульд зааснаас бусад тохиолдолд нийгмийн даатгалыг нөхөн төлөхийг хориглох, нийгмийн даатгалын сангаас олгох тэтгэвэр, тэтгэмж, төлбөр нь даатгуулагчийн шимтгэл төлсөн хугацаа, төлсөн шимтгэлийн хэмжээтэй уялдаатай байна гэсэн заалтууд шинээр мөрдүүлэх зохицуулалттай. Эдгээр хуулийн зохицуулалт, салбарын стратегийн зорилт нь манай улсын иргэдийн нийгмийн хамгааллыг хангаснаар хүн амын амьдралын түвшин дээшлэх, ядуурал буурах ач холбогдолтой. Бид энэхүү өгүүлэлд зарим орнуудын нийгмийн даатгалын шимтгэлийг харьцуулж, Монгол улсын нийгмийн даатгалын шимтгэлтэй холбоотой бодлогын өөрчлөлтүүд, ямар сорилтууд байгаа талаар баримт бичиг, статистик тоо баримтад тулгуурлан гаргахыг зорьсон болно.

This study examines the impact of talent management practices on employee performance in the Mongolian banking sector, addressing the growing need for evidence-based human resource strategies in emerging economies. The study focuses on four core components of talent management: Talent attraction, talent retention, training and development, and career planning. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 343 employees of the State Bank of Mongolia and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Measurement model assessment confirmed adequate reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the constructs. The structural model results indicate that all four talent management components have a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance (p < 0.01). Among these, talent attraction, retention, training and development, and career planning each contribute meaningfully to improving employee performance outcomes. The findings suggest that effective implementation of comprehensive talent management practices enhances employee performance within the banking context. This study contributes to the talent management literature by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context and extending the application of established theoretical frameworks, including the Resource-Based View, AMO model, and Social Exchange Theory, to the Mongolian banking sector.

This study aims to examine the impact of borrowers on fintech lending risk. While short-term, fast-decision online lending services are rapidly developing in the Mongolian fintech lending industry, the failure to consider consumer financial education, psychological impact, and consumption habits in loan evaluation is one of the main reasons for the emergence of non-performing loans. The PLS-SEM model was used to analyze the effects of behavioral variables such as financial knowledge, risk perception, materialism, and emotionality on debt attitudes. The results showed that financial knowledge had the strongest positive effect on debt attitudes. Risk perception positively affected emotionality and materialism, indicating that consumer behavior could be explained indirectly. The study concluded that incorporating consumer behavior and psychological factors into fintech loan risk assessments and planning financial literacy measures for borrowers would reduce the risk of fintech loan borrowers.

Нийгмийн хамгаалал нь иргэдийг ажлын байраар хангах, орлогыг нэмэгдүүлэх, нийгмийн эмзэг хэсгийг тэтгэх боломжийг олгодгоороо хөгжлийн гол хөшүүргийн нэг болдог. Монгол улс иргэд, өрх, хамт олны орлого, амьжиргааны баталгааг хангах төрийн чиг үүргээ нийгмийн даатгал, нийгмийн халамж, хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт гэсэн арга хэрэгслүүдээр хэрэгжүүлж байна. Манай улс 1995 онд нийгмийн даатгалын тогтолцоог шинэчлэн бүрдүүлснээс хойш 29 гаруй жил боллоо. Өнгөрсөн хугацаанд Монгол улс нийгмийн даатгалын үйл ажиллагаанд нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хөгжлийн шаардлагаар гарч ирсэн асуудлыг зохицуулах зорилгоор хууль эрх зүйн орчинд олон удаа нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулж тодорхой арга хэмжээг хэрэгжүүлж ирсэн. Нийгмийн даатгалын бодлогын өөрчлөлтийг хийхэд судалгаа хийх, нийгмийн сэтгэлзүйг бэлтгэх, нийгмийн хүлээлт болон эдийн засаг, санхүүгийн нөхцөл байдлыг харгалзан үзэхээс гадна Олон Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн Байгууллагаас гаргасан (1952) “Нийгмийн хамгааллын доод хэмжээний конвенц (№102)”, Олон Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн Байгууллагаас гаргасан (1967) “Хөдөлмөрийн чадвар алдсаны, өндөр насны болон тэжээгчээ алдсаны тэтгэврийн тухай конвенц (№128)”-д нийцүүлэх, одоогийн мөрдөж байгаа хуулиар тогтоосон хэм хэмжээг дордуулахгүй байх зэрэг олон хүчин зүйлийг харгалзан үзэх шаардлагатай. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд нийгмийн даатгалын салбарын өнөөгийн байдал, салбарын үйл ажиллагааны өнгөрсөн хугацаанд хэрэгжүүлсэн бодлого, үр дүнд шинжилгээ хийлээ. Монгол улс нийгмийн даатгалын шаардлагатай бодлогын баримт бичиг, хууль тогтоомжийг баталсан бөгөөд хэрэгжилт 87 хувьтай гарсан хэдий ч тогтолцооны өөрчлөлтийг хийх гол зорилтууд хэрэгжээгүй байна. Нийгмийн хамгааллын доод хэм хэмжээний тухай 102 дугаар конвенцид заасан нийгмийн хамгааллын үйлчилгээний төрлийг манай улс бүрэн хангаж байна.

At the global macro level, the risk management is necessary to properly manage and direct the effects of the financial crisis, economic growth, and increase the quality and availability of public services. By improving the risk management of the budget organization, the possibility of risk reduction increases. The Police and Domestic Military Organizations of Mongolia are organizations that carry out the main functions of fighting crime, maintaining public order, and ensuring public safety within the scope of their mandate provided by law. Internationally, there are two main standards for risk management: ISO 31000:2018 of ISO and COSO 2004 of COSO. Police and domestic military organizations comply with the international standard "ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management and Guidelines". In this study, we assessed the operational risks of the Police and domestic military organizations using a matrix method. The risks affecting financial reporting were assessed for 16 entities (units). When assessing the risks, the 5th unit is included in the most risky unit due to the insufficient organization of financial information processing, physical control activities and the assignment of tasks and duties. However, the units 15, 14, 7, 2, 16, and 8 have medium risk, and the units 3, 11, 1, 4, and 10 have low risk. In order to ensure the effectiveness of risk management, it is important that the leaders of the Police and domestic military organizations constantly evaluate the methods and processes of implementing risk management, solve the differences and weaknesses according to the framework of risk management, and make the necessary changes and improvements from time to time.

Banks all over the world have succeeded in promoting new services to its customers. Internet technology is rapidly changing the way personal financial services are being designed and delivered. The banking sector alone comprises approximately 87 % of Mongolia′s financial sector, making its stability crucial for the long-term sustainable growth of the country ′s economy. The banking sector has supporting economic growth and successfully fulfilled its role in financial intermediation. Over the past century, Mongolia′s banking sector has evolved to meet international standards, significantly enhancing its role in the economy and making a valuable contribution to the country′s development.Commercial banks in Mongolia has been always meeting the stringent requirements and prudenttial ratios set by Bank of Mongolia. Today, Mongolia′s banking sector meets international standards in service and product quality, leading in services and technology domestically, providing continuous financial intermediation, expanding foreign cooperation, and developing into a key pillar of economic and social development 4. Commercial banks has consistently been at the forefront of technological advancements in the Mongolian banking industry. It has leveraged artificial intelligence to create automated, user-friendly banking solutions, and introduced innovative products and services. Commercial bank′s journey has been marked by several significant milestones that underscored its spirit of innovation. This study evaluates customer satisfaction factors affecting the service quality of commercial banks in Mongolia. The findings reveal that these factors positively influence customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity of offering tailored services to customer segments, enhancing financial literacy, and expanding digital service accessibility to improve overall satisfaction.

Optimal managing the cash turn in financial marker becomes a mechanism to solve economic problems. Thus, improving risk tolerance of banks, identifying the factors to influence the quality of credit, and creating financial stability of borrowers are important for economic industry development. The Bank of Mongolia is actively addressing climate change risks by prioritizing the financing of environmentally friendly loans and bolstering green lending within the banking sector. The Bank of Mongolia has successfully implemented policies and measures aligned with its monetary policy guidelines. Objective of the presentation: to evaluate the credit risk associated with the Mongolian commercial bank "A" using a matrix method, to classify it at a certain level, and to identify the high-risk points and clarify the scope of further credit monitoring.

In the economic and social policy document to be followed by the government We will develop social services to ensure life security and strengthen the social insurance system to improve the quality of life. Expand the scope of social insurance. Improve service availability. Expanding the middle class of citizens and households by strengthening management. Cultivating proper management of social insurance funds. Bring the fund to a breakeven level. A fully independent social insurance system will be created.

Inefficiencies and high costs characterize Mongolia's social welfare system, and its effectiveness in reducing poverty was hampered by the fact that many services were offered without considering individual or household living standards. The set of public interventions aimed at supporting the poorer and more vulnerable members of society, as well as helping individuals, families, and communities manage risk. We have analyzed the current state of social protection programs in Mongolia . Also, this study was conducted based on documents and statistics on about the major challenges in social protection policy changes.

Abstract: Organizational trust is the bedrock of an organization's long-term success and endurance. It fosters sturdier professional relationships and enhances collaboration. This study investigated the connections between organizational trust and employee job satisfaction The study utilized data from 145 employees of 'A' bank in Mongolia and conducted thorough analyses to evaluate the reliability and correlation of variables, employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study reveal positive correlations among all three trust dimensions and overall organizational trust, aligning with hypotheses H1 to H3. As anticipated, trust in upper management exhibited the most substantial influence (β=0.701), underscoring the pivotal role of leadership perceptions. Trust in peers (β=0.516) and supervisors (β=0.361) also displayed noteworthy contributions, emphasizing the significance of relationships across various organizational levels. Importantly, our investigation confirmed hypothesis H4, indicating a robust positive association (β=0.659) between organizational trust and job satisfaction. These findings collectively reinforce the critical linkages between trust dimensions, organizational trust, and ultimately, employee job satisfaction.

Initiative of financial literacy to the public is being implemented in cooperation with the relevant government and professional organisations for the purposes of increasing financial participation and improving financial decision-making of the citizens of Mongolia within the framework of developing the financial market and ensuring financial stability in the country. This initiative is expected to yield the following positive externalities: • Increase public knowledge of financial products and use them more effectively; • Improve citizens ability to choose the right financial product for their needs; • Prevent financial fraud and reduce the number of victims; • Increase individual savings and decrease non-performing loans; • Support participation and investment in the stock market. Legal environment • Article 5.1.7 “Protecting the legal rights and interests of bank customers and depositors” of the Law on the Central bank (Bank of Mongolia) is currently being implemented. • The Government is currently executing objective 6.2 of the “National initiative to develop Mongolia’s financial market until 2025” approved through resolution No.299 of 2017, which stipulates that “Every Mongolian citizen shall possess the knowledge, skills and confidence necessary to manage his/her personal and household finance in an appropriate way”. Financial knowledge is a critical component of financial literacy and helps individuals compare financial products and services, stay informed, and make the right decisions for their financial situation. With basic financial knowledge and simple calculation skills, an individual can confidently navigate his financial situation through market conditions and various types of information. According to the OECD, a combination of financial awareness, knowledge, skills, and attitudes is needed to make the right financial decisions and achieve personal financial well-being. In other words, it means that the attitude of individuals is more important than their financial knowledge and ability to make financial decisions. It is concluded that knowledge can be acquired through training with a set of programs, or financial institutions can improve the financial knowledge of citizens by providing financial education to their users in the framework of social responsibility. It is concluded that knowledge can be acquired through training with a set of programs, or financial institutions can improve the financial knowledge of citizens by providing financial education to their users in the framework of social responsibility.

International experience has shown that improving the financial and business education of business-women can make a significant contribution to improving the living standards of citizens and increasing their business profits. This study analyzes the processes of acquiring financial and business skills and creating knowledge of women who run a small and medium business. According to the training program, the training evaluation was conducted in two stages: initial and post-training. Assessed the knowledge and skills of women in small and medium business on cash management, household budget, risk management, financial planning, and business management. Assessing the content of the training program shows that women who run a small and medium business will be able to analyze their household budgets, make conclusions, and have a financial, business, marketing plan, and savings to improve their lives and expand their businesses.

At the global macro level, the risk management is necessary to properly manage and direct the effects of the financial crisis, economic growth, and increase the quality and availability of public services. By improving the risk management of the budget organization, the possibility of risk reduction increases. The Police and Domestic Military Organizations of Mongolia are organizations that carry out the main functions of fighting crime, maintaining public order, and ensuring public safety within the scope of their mandate provided by law. Internationally, there are two main standards for risk management: ISO 31000:2018 of ISO and COSO 2004 of COSO. Police and domestic military organizations comply with the international standard "ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management and Guidelines". In this study, we assessed the operational risks of the Police and domestic military organizations using a matrix method. The risks affecting financial reporting were assessed for 16 entities (units). When assessing the risks, the 5th unit is included in the most risky unit due to the insufficient organization of financial information processing, physical control activities and the assignment of tasks and duties. However, the units 15, 14, 7, 2, 16, and 8 have medium risk, and the units 3, 11, 1, 4, and 10 have low risk. In order to ensure the effectiveness of risk management, it is important that the leaders of the Police and domestic military organizations constantly evaluate the methods and processes of implementing risk management, solve the differences and weaknesses according to the framework of risk management, and make the necessary changes and improvements from time to time.

Advanced technology accelerates online banking services by using smartphones meanwhile bank offers sophisticated platforms that include a virtual assistant authentication system based on artificial intelligence. Penetrating fintech into banking services that eliminates a transaction cost and boosts comprehensive financial services, and changing lifestyles and attitudes of customers. Mongolian commercial banks are striving to increase online banking services and to upgrade technology within the framework of financial inclusion and literacy of customers that ensuring the efficiency of the financial system. This paper seeks to identify and analyze impacts of customer value, satisfaction, trust in a service, and reputation of bank that affecting customers’ motivation to regularly use online banking services. The data were collected from customers of Y branch of X bank by using a random sampling method and the partial least squares approach was used to test the hypotheses. The result shows that customer communication, customer value, reputation affect to motivation of customer to use online banking.

Abstract An individual is a primary participant in social relations, and many individuals participate in social life by forming groups according to their various goals and demands. An example is classmates and course participants for their studying purpose. Teachers and lecturers often work with small social groups of students. Therefore, it is necessary to know the psychology and organization of the group. The simplest and fastest way to determine group psychology and structure is sociometric research. Recently, the prediction methods can be used to identify the characterization of many kinds of networks in all fields of science. For example, in the biological sciences, biomolecular interaction network analysis is used to describe the interactions of small molecules within cells. This method is possible to identify the network and connections of individuals in social groups. In this work, we tried to analyze the classmate networks using the method that determine the interactions of the biological molecules. Furthermore, we compared the calculation with by sociometric survey. Comparing the resulting structure will allow for checking the reliability of the computer analysis.

This study aimed to determine the impact of financial literacy on financial behavior among teachers of secondary and high schools. Financial behavior in this study was explored as saving behavior, shopping behavior, short-term and high planning and long-term planning. Data were from collected from 3437 participants who were approached conveniently. Data were analysed using smart PLS. As a result, financial literacy had a significant positive impact on financial behavior in terms of saving behavior, short-term planning and long-term planning.

Тэтгэврийн хэмжээ тооцох аргачлал даатгуулагчдад адил байдаг. Тэтгэвэр тогтооход баримталж байгаа шимтгэл төлсөн хугацаа, дундаж цалин хөлс нь эрэгтэй, эмэгтэй даатгуулагчдад ялгаатай байна.Мөн эрэгтэйчүүдийн дундаж наслалт эмэгтэйчүүдийнхээс 6,7 жилээр богино, дундаж наслалтын зөрүү нь 9,67 жил, хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтийн харилцаан дахь эрэгтэй, эмэгтэй ажилтны цалингийн ялгаатай байдлыг өндөр насны тэтгэврийн тооцоололд харгалзан үзэх шаардлагатай

Abstract The sustainability and efficiency of the banking sector remain a key indicator of Mongolia's financial stability. The likelihood of lending at the banking system is high, due to this is explained by the fact that Mongolia is heavily dependent on economic diversification and reliance on fewer sectors Non-performing loans amounted to MNT 1.8 trillion, or MNT 10.7 percent in February, and overdue loans amounting to 0.9 trillion MNT or 5.4 percent of total loans (Mongolia, Bank of Mongolia, 2019) The non-performing loans accumulated in the banking system do not risk financial stability, but plans and systems for preventing and preventing risks are important in Mongolia. Non-performing loans of the economy make the intermediary's economic intermediary vulnerable to the financial system and thereby impair economic activity. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting consumer loans in a branch at Bayanzurkh district of “X” bank and to detect possibilities to reduce non-performing loans.