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Studying a foreign language is not a piece of cake and it demands a lot of time and effort from the learners. According to technological development, studying a foreign language is becoming more leisurely day by day, since speaking is the most crucial skill of the basic four skills for everyone. Every learner desires to speak fluently by learning a language, but anxiety wholly hinders their attempts. Anxiety is one of the main three psychological factors such as anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation that can affect the students' troubles, especially speaking in Mongolian. In this paper, our study aimed to analyze students' speaking anxiety in the Mongolian Language Preparatory Program at the National University of Mongolia and the Mongolian National University of Medical Science. We tried to find out the foreign students' anxiety ranks and causes of speaking the Mongolian language. The survey participants of the research were foreign students at the National University of Mongolia and the Mongolian National University of Medical Science in the 2022-2023 academic year. We used a questionnaire to carry out a survey. As a result of the study, students' anxiety in speaking Mongolian was defined and classified by several indicators of speaking.
Dialects are non-literary variants of a language that are used by people in certain areas in rural areas. A dialect may differ from a literary language in its own words, grammar elements, and pronunciation features. Dialects can be incomprehensible if they are used in a literary language, as they are associated with the history of the language of an ethnic or ethnic minority. The classification of modern Mongolian dialects and dialects is divided into three categories: dialect, oral dialects, and sub-dialects, based on linguistic features. This article examines the origin and development of the Dariganga sub-dialect, one of the Mongolian dialects, in historical terms, and also examines the specific features of some Dariganga dialects, and we made a little survey among Dariganga ethnic people.
Abstract: The research purpose is to study Mongolian dialects within the framework of the language-saving policy and to define their language vitality and endangerment based on some of the international criteria. In this research, we used several sociolinguistics methodologies such as sociological survey, collecting and developing the materials, investigative and statistical methods, comparing logical, correlation, analytic, synthetic methods, induction, and deduction. Here the authors tried to study the Language Vitality and Endangerment/Language Vitality Assessment (UNESCO 2003), which is used more commonly and frequently at the international level, to define Mongolian dialects’/languages’ vitality, Finally, our research was made on eighteen Mongolian dialects such as khotong, darkhad, khalkh, Kazakh, bayad, uzemchin, torguud etc…. As a result of the research, most of the Mongolian dialects included in the categories such as don’t heritage their languages to the next generation or severely endangered. During the research, we observed that several factors such as demography, politics, geography, social and economic situation, psychology, population movement, government policy on language, and others are influencing the extinction of the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups. Eventually, it is necessary to study, save, revitalize, and document the dialects and pass them to on the next generation.
Abstract: English speaking is one of the skills for English learners. Every student wants to speak fluently, but anxiety obstructs their tries. Anxiety is one of the psychological factors that can affect the students' troubles, especially speaking English in Mongolia. In this paper, our study aimed to analyze students’ speaking anxiety at the National University of Mongolia. We tried to reveal the anxiety levels and causes of speaking. The survey participants of the research were students at the National University of Mongolia in the 2022-2023 academic year. We used a questionnaire to carry out a survey. As a result of the study, students' anxiety in speaking was defined and classified by several indicators of speaking.
Abstract Studying a foreign language is not a piece of cake and it demands a lot of time and effort from the learners. Especially since speaking is the most crucial skill of the basic four skills for everyone. According to technological development, studying a foreign language is becoming easier day by day. Every learner desires to speak fluently by the learning language, but anxiety wholly hinders their attempts. Anxiety is one of the main three psychological factors such as anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation, that can affect the students' troubles, especially speaking in Mongolian. In this paper, our study aimed to analyze the speaking anxiety of students studying in the Mongolian Language Preparatory Program at the National University of Mongolia and the Mongolian National University of Medical Science. We tried to reveal the foreign students’ anxiety levels and causes of speaking the Mongolian language. The survey participants of the research were foreign students at the National University of Mongolia and the Mongolian National University of Medical Science in the 2022-2023 academic year. We used a questionnaire to carry out a survey. As a result of the study, students' anxiety in speaking Mongolian was defined and classified by several indicators of speaking.
Abstract The research aim is to analyze the English-Mongolian proverb translation by students who are studying academic English at the intermediate level at the National University of Mongolia. It was very difficult for students to translate English proverbs into the Mongolian language due to the first attempt to translate English proverbs. A good translation sticks to the reader and can be understandable. It is required not only to have adequate knowledge and experience in translation theory and methods but also to have a great knowledge of the language, culture, customs, and traditions of both languages to translate proverbs. As a result of the survey, we conclude that the proverb translation ability/skill of the students was not enough, because they didn’t have any experience in translating proverbs.
“Orčilang-un saba sim-e-yin daγulal” (Hymn to humans and nature of the universe) written by the Javzandamba Khutagt, from the Mongolian and Tibetan creations, is more popular among the people. Unfortunately, this creation wasn’t studied well. We found several versions of the “Orčilang-un saba sim-e-yin daγulal” and tried to compare and analyze them.
ABSTRACT English speaking is one of the skills for English learners. Every student wants to speak fluently, but anxiety obstructs their tries. Anxiety is one of the psychological factors that can affect the students' troubles, especially speaking English in Mongolia. In this paper, our study aimed to analyze students’ speaking anxiety at the National University of Mongolia. We tried to reveal the anxiety levels and causes of speaking. The survey participants of the research were students at the National University of Mongolia in the 2022-2023 academic year. We used a questionnaire to carry out a survey. As a result of the study, students' anxiety in speaking was defined and classified by several indicators of speaking.
Abstract: The research purpose is to study Mongolian dialects within the framework of the language saving policy, and to define their language vitality and endangerment based on some of the international criteria. In this research, we used several sociolinguistics methodologies such as sociological survey, collecting and developing the materials, investigative and statistical method, comparing logical method, correlation method, analytic and synthetic method, induction, and deduction. Here the authors tried to study the Language Vitality and Endangerment/Language Vitality Assessment (UNESCO 2003), which is used more commonly and frequently at the international level, to define Mongolian dialects’/languages’ vitality, Finally, our research was made on eighteen Mongolian dialects such as khotong, darkhad, khalkh, Kazakh, bayad, uzemch, torguud an etc…. As a result of the research, most of the Mongolian dialects included in the categories such as don’t heritage their languages to the next generation or severely endangered. During the research, we observed that several factors such as demography, politics, geography, social and economic situation, psychology, population movement, the government policy on language, and others are influencing the extinction of the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups. Eventually, it is necessary to study, save, revitalize, and document the dialects and inherit them to the next generation.
Abstract: “Orčilang-un saba sim-e-yin daγulal” (Hymn to human and nature of the universe), which has been inherited from the ancestors to our generation, written by the Javzandamba Khutagt, is more popular among the many texts written in Mongolian and Tibetan. Unfortunately, this creation wasn’t studied well. We found several versions of the “Orčilang-un saba sim-e-yin daγulal” and tried to compare and analyze them.
Хураангуй Англи хэлний хэрэглээ өдрөөс өдөрт нэмэгдэж, англи хэлийг хэрхэн сурах талаар мэдээлэл болон зөвлөмж, судалгаа төлбөртэй болон төлбөргүйгээр маш олон эх сурвалжаас нийгэмд тархаж байна. Эдгээрийн нэг нийтлэг хандлага нь шинэ үгсийг төсөөлөн бодох ой тогтоолтын аргаар сурах, нэг өдөрт олон үгийг цээжлэх гэх мэт аргуудыг олон нийтээр сонирхож байна. Олон улсын туршлагаас харахад сургалтын энэхүү хэлбэрийг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлэхэд оюутан суралцагчдын сэтгэх хурд, хандлага, төсөөлөн бодох чадвар, зурах дүрслэх, бичих үр чадвар, багшийн бүтээлч, идэвхи санаачлагатай байдал гэсэн үзүүлэлтүүд нэн чухал хүчин зүйл болж байна. Иймээс энэхүү судалгааны ажлын хүрээнд багшийн зүгээс академик англи хэлний үгс болоод өгүүлбэрзүйн зарим дадлага дасгалд ой т огтоолтын аргууд, тархины үйл ажиллагааг хэрхэн идэвхжүүлэх зарим үзэл баримтлал арга туршлага олон улсад хэрэгжиж байгаа зарим хөтөлбөр сургалтуудын үр дүнд суурилан бүлгийн харьцуулсан судалгааг хийлээ. Ийнхүү судалгааны эхэн шатанд оюутан суралцагчдын одоогийн суралцах арга барил, тэр дундаа англи хэлийг сурах арга барил болоод шинэ үгийг сурах, хэрэглэх арга барилд дүн шинжилгээ хийх зорилгоор google forms ашиглан судалгааг хийж бүлгийн харьцуулсан судалгааг сэдвийн тестийн үр дүнд суурилан анализ судалгааг хийж үр дүнг тодорхойллоо.
ABSTRACT The purpose of the research work is to study the present situation of Buryat (Buriad) language, the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups in Mongolian territory, within the framework of the language policy, and to define the language vitality and endangerment based on some of the international criteria and the information in “Ethnologue Languages of the World” (19th edition, 2016). In this research, we used some sociolinguistics methodologies such as collecting and developing the materials, sociological survey, investigative and statistical method, and comparing and contrasting logical method, and correlation method, analytic and synthetic method and so on. In this study, to define the Buriad language’s vitality, the author used the six criteria on language vitality and endangerment such as Language Vitality and Endangerment (UNESCO 2003), UNESCO Framework (UNESCO 2009), Ethnologue Vitality Categories (Lewis 2009), Language Vitality and Endangerment (Michael Kraus, 2007); Fishman’s Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS 1991), Expanded GIDS by Paul Lewis and Simons (EGIDS 2010) used more commonly and frequently in international level. Finally, as a result of the study, according to the above mentioned six criteria, the Buriad language included in the categories such as severely endangered, endangered, threatened, critically endangered or definitely endangered. During the research, we observed that several factors such as demography, politics, geography, social and economic situation, psychology, population movement, the government policy on language and others have influenced to decrease the number of the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups. Eventually, it is necessary to study, save, revitalize and document the minority languages and inherit them to the next generation.
ABSTRACT The purpose of the research work is to study the present situation of the Buryat (Buriad) language, the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups in Mongolian territory, within the framework of the language policy, and to define the language vitality and endangerment based on some of the international criteria and the information in “Ethnologue Languages of the World” (19th edition, 2016). In this research, we used some sociolinguistics methodologies such as collecting and developing the materials, sociological survey, investigative and statistical method and comparing and contrasting logical method, correlation method, analytic and synthetic method, and so on. In this study, to define the Buriad language’s vitality, the author used the six criteria for language vitality and endangerments such as Language Vitality and Endangerment (UNESCO 2003), UNESCO Framework (UNESCO 2009), Ethnologue Vitality Categories (Lewis 2009), Language Vitality and Endangerment (Michael Kraus, 2007); Fishman’s Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS 1991), Expanded GIDS by Paul Lewis and Simons (EGIDS 2010) used more commonly and frequently in international level. Finally, as a result of the study, according to the above-mentioned six criteria, the Buriad language is included in the categories such as severely endangered, endangered, threatened, critically endangered, or definitely endangered. During the research, we observed that several factors such as demography, politics, geography, social and economic situation, psychology, population movement, the government policy on language, and others have influenced to decrease in the number of the minority languages of the nations and ethnic groups. Eventually, it is necessary to study, save, revitalize and document the minority languages and inherit them to the next generation.
Research on the abbot of the temple named “The inspirer splendor of the good fortune”
Тавдугаар богд Жавзундамба Хутагт Лувсанцүлтимжигмэдданбийжалцанбалсанбуугийн намтар түүхийг Монголын олон номын мэргэд монгол төвд хэлээр туурвисан байдгаас Р.Бямбаа, Д.Баатар нарын 2004 онд хэвлүүлсэн “Халхын Жавзундамба Хутагтуудын бүтээлийн түүх” бүтээлээс 5-р Богдын намтрын төвд эхийг авч орчуулсан болно.
This paper would present the acoustic vowels’ features in the initial of the chosen eight English words, produced by Mongolian speakers and American native speakers. There were two Mongolian learners and two native speakers of American English were recruited to produce eight vowels for the American English language. The speakers were instructed to read the chosen eight words from 400 words in English corpus, after that the frequency and the quality of vowels were measured. Focus on the analysis of the Praat data, the results indicated that there were differences in the production of vowels between two groups of participants; the Mongolian participants did not have any major issues with the production of vowels. Neither the vowel quality nor the vowel duration was critical for the Mongolian participants' contrast to the American speakers.
ANNOTATION The purpose of the research is to assess and determine vitality and endangerment of Mongolian dialects according to the nine factors of Language Vitality and Endangerment (LVE) proposed by UNESCO in 2003. Our research on Mongolian dialects was based on framework of language preservation policies, sociological theory, and Language Vitality and Endangerment/Language Vitality Assessment (UNESCO 2003) criteria. We employed a variety of research methods, including sociological survey, data collection and analyses, investigative and statistical methods, comparing and contrasting logical methods, correlation method, analytic and synthetic methods, as well as inductive and deductive reasoning. Our key concept “Language Vitality and Endangerment” is defined as language’s ability to overcome challenges and threats to survival. When a language is incapable of maintaining itself and faces possible extinction, it becomes endangered. Several criteria for how to measure LVE are used in the world today but in this study we gave preference to UNESCO’s (2003) nine factors to determine the LVE of four Mongolian dialects. As a result of the survey, we observed that most of the dialects belong to the classifications: definitely endangered, seriously endangered, and the children don’t use them in their speech. Also, most of Mongolian dialects are used in daily and informal communication practices between friends, relatives and social network. This lack of formal institutionalization makes the dialects of ethnic minorities within the Mongolian nation even more precarious and in need of preservation and study. Saving, documenting and developing the languages and cultures of ethnic minorities, is a contribution not only to a deeper understanding of culture in Asia but also to the development of the world cultures.
