Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл

манай орны боловсрол, эрдэм шинжилгээний салбарт ажиллаж буй газарзүйчид, газарзүйн багш, судлаачдын ихэнх нь М. Баянтөр багшийн шавь бөгөөд түүний бичсэн судалгаа, өгүүлэл, ном, сурах бичгийг уншин судалж, өсөн дэвшиж ирсэн билээ. Профессор М.Баянтөр багш олон мянган газарзүйн багш нар ажилладаг дунд сургуулийн газарзүйг хөгжүүлэхэд дорвитой хувь нэмэр оруулсан эрдэмтэн. Зохиож хэвлүүлсэн, хамтарч бичсэн сурах бичгүүд нь манай орны ирээдүй, хойч үеийг сурган хүмүүжүүлэхэд онцгой үүрэг гүйцэтгэсээр байна.

The lake depressions in the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and the issues related to their formation have yet to be thoroughly examined in previous research. Previous studies primarily focused on the paleogeographical evolution and glaciation dynamics of the Altai Mountains. This study presents relationships between tectonic and glacial processes that have formed the lake depressions, such as Khoton, Khurgan, Dayan, Khar (western), and Khar (eastern) in the Mongolian Altai Mountains. The depressions of Khoton, Khurgan, and Dayan lakes are situated along regional fault zones, extending in an nortwest -southeast direction, forming intermontane depressions directly connected to the Mongolian Altai Mountains. However, the depressions of Dayan, Khar (western), and Khar (eastern) lakes have been dammed by moraine deposits in the near portion of the depression. The compliance matrix of tectonic geomorphological criteria indicates that the Khoton, Khurgan, Dayan Lake, and Khar (western) Lake depressions are more than 50% compatible. Similarly, the compliance matrix for glacial geomorphological criteria indicates more than 60% compliance for all lake depressions. The Mongolian Altai intermontane depressions are thus of tectonic origin, whereas the lakes have a glacial origin, resulting from dammed moraine sediments. The significance of this work lies in demonstrating how geomorphological research can be employed to provide a detailed understanding of the pattern of lake depressions.

By giving the right to use pastureland to herders in Inner Mongolia a pasture enclosure process has diminished the size of grazing land available for nomad’s livestock. Meanwhile, Mongolia had been privatized kolkhoz livestock to herder’s household beside their pastureland stayed in common use. Consecutively, both policies are resulted in some degree of overgrazing and vulnerability of pastures to desertification in Mongolian plateau. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, movements of semi-nomadic livestock in the Inner Mongolia and nomadic livestock in Mongolia had been tracked. Moreover, a remote sensing and field survey data are collected from the same tracking area to investigate which degree of mobility and land use patterns are influencing on pasture vulnerability. The climate parameters are similar since pilot areas are bordering and allow counting an equal weather impact to vulnerability. For GPS tracking of livestock, 5 households (each has around 1000 sheep) are selected and GPS receivers attached to 4 sheep from each household which automatically recorded once in 10 days. According to GPS tracking record, average path length of sheep grazing is 10 km, and it covers 179.3-hectare areas per day in Mongolia and its 7.3 km and 62.8 hectare in the Inner Mongolia relatively. GPS observation shows the fenced yards in the Inner Mongolia are decreasing nomad’s grazing area and mobility which is becoming main factor of grassland overgrazing. Increased number of livestock which is 3-9 times over pasture carrying capacity and decreased number of seasonal movements are main factors of overgrazing in Mongolia. The field survey and photo monitoring approve the GPS tracking result that overgrazing land is more vulnerable to desertification.

There has not been much study done to explain how recent climate change affects the water surface area changes in lakes in different natural areas of Mongolia. Four lakes between 48°-50° in Mongolia were chosen for this investigation because they have the same climatic and solar radiation patterns. The case studies of the Khoton Lake in the high mountain region, Terkhin Tsagaan in the forest-steppe region, Khukh Lake in the steppe region, and Namir (Khar Us) in the Govi region emphasized the relationship between lakes surface area and climate variables, which are temperature and precipitation. In the study, statistical analysis methods, the Mann-Kendall test (MK), the innovative trend analysis method (ITAM), the Sen's Slope Estimator Test (SET), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI) method were used. During the past 30 years, calculations based on satellite imagery of the lake area in different natural zones have shown a decreasing trend for the lake area. After 2000, all-natural regions saw a sharp rise in the long-term average air temperature. High mountain regions have seen an increase in precipitation since 2000, Forest-steppe regions have increased since 2010, and steppe and gobi regions have declined since 2000. Lake areas in the high mountain and forest-steppe regions showed a steady decreasing trend starting in 2000, while lakes in the steppe and Gobi regions showed a gradually creasing trend starting in 2010. The increase in the average annual air temperature (Z=1.17) in the high mountain region was more closely related to the changes in the lake region. On the other hand, the area in the forest-steppe zone was better correlated with the quantity of precipitation (Z=1.93). The effect of air temperature (Z=1.21) on the area of lakes in the steppe zone was more relevant, while the amount of precipitation was slightly related. Rainfall (Z=-1.80) was more related to the area of lakes in the Gobi region, while the air temperature was less related. The novelty of the research is that it has been clarified that the lake changes in the area in different natural regions are influenced differently by the climate.

Монгол орны хуурай гандуу бүс нутагт голуудын усны урсац тодорхой хэлбэлзэлтэй байгаагаас гадна хүний үйл ажиллагааны нөлөөгөөр Айраг нуур ба Гэгээн нуурын гадаргын талбайн хувьд урвуу хамааралтай өөрчлөлт тодорхой илэрч байв. Цутгал голуудын урсацын өөрчлөлтөөс шалтгаалж Айраг ба Гэгээн нуурт өөрчлөлтүүд тод илэрч буй шалтгааныг үндэслэл болгов. Энэхүү судалгаанд Айраг нуур болон Гэгээн нуурын талбайн морфологийн шинжилгээ, усны нормчлогдсон индекс (NDWI)-ийн шинжилгээ, эзэлхүүний шинжилгээ, статистик шинжилгээний аргууд ашиглав. Айраг нуурын усны гадаргын талбай, эзэлхүүн сүүлийн 15 жилийн хугацаанд багасч, харин Гэгээн нуурын хэмжээ нэмэгдсэн байна. Энэ нь 2007 онд Завхан голын усан цахилгаан станцын далан хаалттай шууд холбоотой юм. Судалгаанд хамрагдаж буй Айраг нуурын усан толион талбайн 1990-2021 он хүртэлх 30 гаруй жилийн хугацааг хамрах хугацааны сансрын зургуудад боловсруулалт хийж нуурын талбайг тооцож гаргасан. Айраг нуурын талбайн өөрчлөлтөөс үзэхэд 1990-2006 он хүртэл харьцангуй үзүүлэлттэй байв. Энэ нь тухайн жилүүдийн уур амьсгал, голуудын тэжээлийн хэлбэлзэлтэй холбоотойгоор зарим жилүүдэд нуурын талбай ихэсч байхад зарим жилүүдэд буурах хандлага илэрч байжээ. Харин 2007-2011 онуудад уг нуурын талбай огцом буурч, 2012 оноос хойш талбайн бууралтын хэмжээ харьцангуй тогтворжсон. Энэ нь Гэгээн нуурт 2007-2011 онд усыг эрчимтэй хуримтлуулж түүнээс хойш усны урсацын балансыг тогтвортой барьж байсантай холбоотой байв. Тодруулбал, 2007 оноос хойш усан толион хэмжээ Айраг нуурын хувьд жилд дундажаар 3.54 км2-аар тогтмол буурч байхад Гэгээн нуурын хувьд жилд дундажаар 3.22 км2-аар тогтмол нэмэгдэж нуурын талбайн урвуу өөрчлөлт илэрсэн. Эдгээр нууруудын талбай болон эзэлхүүний цаг хугацааны өөрчлөлтийн хоорондын хамаарал маш өндөр (талбай R = -0.858, p <0.001) буюу 74%, (эзэлхүүн R = -0.818, p <0.001) буюу 67%, Айраг нуурын талбайн хэмжээ багассан шалтгааныг Гэгээн нуурын талбай нэмэгдсэнтэй холбоотой байв. Цаашид Айраг нуурын талбайн бууралтанд нөлөөлж буй голын урсацын болон уур амьсгалын хүчин зүйлсийг нарийвчлан тодруулж усны балансын аргуудад тулгуурлан судлах шаардлагатай. Айраг нуурын сав газрын усзүйн сүлжээнд Хяргас нууртай Хомын хоолойгоор холбогддог бөгөөд уг нуурын илүүдэл ус Хяргас нуурт тэжээл болж өгдөг зүй тогтолтой. Энэ усзүйн зүй тогтол нь цаашдаа Хяргас нуурын талбайн хэмжээнд хүртэл нөлөөлөх хандлага энэ судалгаагаар илэрч байв.

Aufeis formation in the winter season in settlements located in continuous, discontinuous, and isolated permafrost regions of Mongolia has become one of the urgent problems that must be solved in the settlement areas. In this study, the reasons for the formation of Aufeis in the settlement area of Erdenebulgan Soum, Khuvsgul Province, located in the Eg River valley, were clarified. In addition to the analysis of geomorphology and permafrost survey materials, the research was based on satellite image data and calculated using the methods of normalized snow index (NDSI) and snow water index (SWI). In the Eg River valley, the normative depth of seasonal freezing and thawing of subsoil ranges from 2.2-3.7 meters. Depending on the freezing of the winter season, there were long, short, and straight rows of cracks and fractures in the vicinity of river diversions, floodplains, terraces, or along the settlement zone. Over the past 10 years, the average size of the Aufeis area was 5555.8 m², and the average Aufeis volume was 5000.2 m³. In 2022, the Aufeis area increased sharply to 6,381.3 m², which can be related to that year's precipitation and soil temperature fluctuations. According to the area and volume classification of Aufeis in Mongolia, the research area belongs to the III class of medium-sized category, but it is exposed to the space of Aufeis distribution due to the improper expansion of the settlement area and wrong planning. According to the changes in the satellite map over the last 30 years, the diversion of the Eg River has caused the spatial distribution of the Aufeis to move towards the settlement area. This study is important for the planning of the spatial location of towns to determine the methods of pre-research and prevention of permafrost-related phenomena and engineering geomorphological problems.

МУИС-ийн 80 жилийн босгон дээр шинжлэх ухааны салбар бүрийн хөгжлийн тоймыг тодруулах нь чухал юм. Энэ өгүүлэлд 1956 онд байгуулагдсан Газарзүйн тэнхимийн сургалт, судалгааны үндсэн хоёр чиглэлийн нэг болох физик газарзүйн салбарын эрдэм шинжилгээний ажлуудын хөгжлийг тоймыг нэгтгэлээ. Уг өгүүлэлд цаг хугацааны дарааллаар тухайн салбарт үр бүтээлтэй ажиллаж байсан болон ажиллаж буй эрдэмтэн, багш нарын судалгаа, шинжилгээний бүтээлүүдэд тойм шинжилгээ хийлээ. Монгол орны физик газарзүйн судалгааны үр дүнгүүд нь улсын нийгэм, эдийн засаг, байгаль орчин, хүн амд тодорхой үр нөлөө, ач тусаа үзүүлсээр ирсэн байна. Түүхэн хугацаанд МУИС-ийн физик газарзүйн салбарт 20 гаруй эрдэмтэн, багш нар ажиллаж энэ чиглэлээр сургалт, судалгааг хийжээ. Тухайн салбарын эрдэмтэн, багш нар физик газарзүйд суурилсан геоморфологи, хөрс судлал, ландшафт, палеогазарзүй, цаг уур ба уур амьсгал, хүрээлэн буй орчин судлалын дэд салбаруудыг түлхүү хөгжүүлсэн байна. 1990 оноос хойш Монгол орны нийгэм, улс төрийн нөхцөл өөрчлөгдсөнтэй уялдаж дэлхийн бусад орны судлаачид хамтран судалгаа хийх нөхцөл бүрдсэн байна. Энэ үеэс Оросоос гадна Герман, Япон, Хятад, Солонгосын судлаачид Монгол орны физик газарзүйн судалгаанд МУИС-ийн эрдэмтэн, багш нартай хамтарч салбар шинжлэх ухаанд тодорхой хувь нэмэр оруулжээ. Түүнчлэн физик газарзүйн судалгаанд орчин үеийн техник, технологийг чөлөөтэй ашиглах өргөн боломжууд бүрджээ.

This study focuses on the impact of faults on the origin and depression morphology of Bayan Nuur in North-West Mongolia. The relationships of Nuur and faults have been studied using morphometric analysis, spatially-improved remote sensing and magnetic survey. According to the results, the main fault formed in the western part of the Bayan Nuur depression influenced the origin of the lake depression SW -NE oriented. The length of the Bayan Nuur main fault is 147.1 km; 4 lakes have been formed along this fault, of which, the Bayan Nuur is the largest one. This study suggests that the Bayan Nuur origin is different from that suggested by previous studies and we conclude that the depressions hosting lakes in Mongolia need to be further investigated. This study represents a new contribution to better understand both the origin of the depressions hosting the Mongolian lakes and the impact of neotectonic activity, through morphometric analysis integrated with remote sensing analysis and geophysical surveys.

Lake depressions are intracontinental basins formed by endogenous or exogenous processes. Mongolia has a distinctive location that has a comparatively high topography in the inland of Central Asia, which extends along the latitude. Lakes and lake depressions of Mongolia are located with a lot of features in their formation. Some lake depressions are related to faults. Faults in Mongolia have been well studied, but the study of lake depressions along faults and development is scarce. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of the Bulnay fault on the lake depression types. The main factor causing the Bulnay fault is the effect of convergent tectonic movements of the Indo-Eurasian plate. In this study, the morphometric analysis, satellite and geophysical mapping analysis methods were used. This study presents results on the lakes along Bulnay faults and their development, including the Bust, Oigon, Sangyn Dalay Lakes in the Khuvsgul and Zavkhan provinces, respectively. The depressions of lakes such as Oigon, Bust, and Sangyn Dalai lakes were differentiated into fault subtypes of the main tectonic type. This study could represent an integrating mapping analysis to a better definition of the Mongolian lakes depression and the impact of tectonic processes.

For the last 90 years, approximately 100 research magazines have been published in each scientific sector of Mongolia in the Mongolian, Russian and English languages. But there is not any published research which clarifies development trends of each sector involving a review and analysis in the scientific journal of any specific area or sector in Mongolia. I have undertaken a review and analysis of this research using a comparative analysis method. In this article, the research published in the journal of Geographic Issues over the last 20 years was compared. This involved the review of articles, the involvement of authors, the similarities and differences in the field of scientific content, and the development trends of research. This was all clarified.The results showed that except for Mongolian researchers, Russian, German, British, American and Japanese researchers published their articles in this journal. Within the period the research involved 168 researchers who participated as a first author and 400 researchers as other authors in the publication of a total of 359 articles in developing the journal of Geographical Issues. Regarding the scope, more than 10 articles were published in the areas of service geography, meteorology and climate science, land relations, urban geography, environmental science, hydrology, agricultural geography, recreational geography, remote sensing and geomorphological studies. Baseline study materials of physics and social geography, which are the main sectors of the geography, have comparatively been published rarely. The main trend of the magazine is inter-sectoral research work based on physical geography and socio-economic geography. It was a key principle of this magazine to publish this research by filtering them in an ethical and fair manner.

Data on the origin and morphology of lake depressions in Mongolia is poor and only 2 percent of total studies. The morphological patterns of the lake depressions caused by volcanic activity have not been well studied in Mongolia. The morphometric indicators of Khorgo volcanic lava plateau, its effect on the morphological changes of the lake depression, and the relationship between them are not studied in detail. The Khorgo volcanic lava is analyzed to clarify how it formed and compare it to the origin of the neighbouring Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake depression. This paper is defined the effect of Khorgo volcanic lava plateau on the origin of the Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake depression, based on morphometric analysis, remote sensing and geological mapping. Also study is checked by field measurements as identifying fault lengths, locations and morphology. Upon the Khorgo volcano activation, the valley of the Terkh River was dammed by a lava plateau. Lava damming formed the Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake depression, blocking the Terkh River valley. Another evidence is the age of the lava plateau and lake sediment. Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake area was three times larger than it is now (9000 years ago), comparing the terraces on the shoreline of the lake. The lake water outflows via the Suman River. The Suman River diversion has created a large canyon along fault. Changes in the water volume of Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake and the erosion of the Suman Gol canyon are inversely related. This study is concerned that the effect of the youngest volcano in Central Asia is achieved a role in the development of lake depression, and presents a basis for integrating morphometric analysis to define the main phases of volcanic activity and lake depression evolution. Current lake area and volume is under influences of climate and environmental changes and human activities.

Lake depression and its volume and area have been changed around the earth due to geological, geomorphological processes and climate change. Data on the origin and morphology of the lakes in Mongolia is relatively poor. This study presents the research results related to several lakes of Mongolia, including Khoton, Khurgan, Dayan, Tolbo and Tal lake depression of the Mongol Altay mountains which were formed along tectonic and glacier. Analysis of Topography, Spatial Improvement method of remote Sensing have been implemented for this study. The present morphological patterns of lake depression were defined by coherent research methods. The formations and evolution of the lakes depend on climate conditions, precipitation, and humidity changes, but their depressions have a different origin and morphology. We are seeking the possibilities to make a new genetic classification of the Mongolian lakes and to identify factors that changes in water regime, volume and area of lakes, relating with lake depression formed along in detail as well.

Conservation and the anew localization of Saiga Tatarica Mongolica is very important. The living environment for Saiga Tatarica Mongolica is divided into 3 priorities with the environmental modeling index made in Great Lakes depression, which is the main field, where saiga has dispersed. According to this index, if the area has a density value of 0369-1.00, it is considered as the most suitable area, if density value is 0.38-0.69, it is restricted suitable and if density value is less than 0.38, it is the suitable area. When evaluating the suitability of relocating saiga tatarica in Sukhait steppe, Tsetseg Lake depression, and Khungui River valley, which are selected with geomorphological work, I compared it with geomorphological feature and environmental modeling index of Great Lakes depression. Then I compared the results defined by the geographic information system (GIS) with field study materials and made prioritization of the suitability. When making prioritization of the suitability of the geomorphological research field, because main and selected field sizes are different, I prioritized by expressing each indicator for the most suitable, restricted suitable and suitable areas with percentage. As a result, the most suitable area covers 37.4%, the restricted suitable area is 35.2% and the suitable area is 27.4% in Tsetseg lake depression. The most suitable area covers 17.1%, restricted suitable area is 38.8% and suitable area is 44.1% in Khungui River, while the most suitable area covers 15.4%, restricted suitable area is 29.3% and suitable area is 55.3% in Sukhait basin, but in Ulaan Shal basin the most suitable area covers 10.2%, restricted suitable area is 22.4% and suitable area is 67.4%. I identified the restricting factors of the surface to be unsuitable in the selected research field and developed suitability criteria for the environment of Saiga Tatarica Mongolica.

In a case study of two townships at the China-Mongolia border the chi-squared test Jaccard correlation index Spearman rank correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the dominant interspecific associations of plant communities to explore the response of species associations in Stipa krylovii steppe to different grazing patterns. It was found that compared with Nalan townships in Mongolia the inter-species relationships between the plant communities of Narenbaolage townships in China were relatively few close moreover competition and mutual exclusion among species were observed to be greater in the Narenbaolage townships. The proportion of annual plants in the Narenbaolage townships was greater than in the Nalan townships and the area of the perennial dominant species was reduced. Different grazing methods have an important impact on the inter-species associations of grassland plant communities unreasonable grazing may lead to the loss of grassland species and imbalance of the grassland ecosystem.

In the Inner Mongolia, the pasture enclosure process is diminishing the size of grazing land available for nomad’s livestock, furthermore results in overgrazing and vulnerability of pastures. Using Global Positioning System(GPS) technology, movements of semi-nomadic livestock in the Inner Mongolia and nomadic livestock in Mongolia had been tracked. Moreover, a remote sensing and field survey data are collected from the same tracking area to investigate which degree of mobility and land use patterns are influencing on pasture vulnerability.

The land policy for the allocation of pastureland into possession right and private land use of grassland has a severe negative impact on the environment. The pasture enclosure process is diminishing the size of grazing land available for nomad's livestock, furthermore results from overgrazing and increases the vulnerability of pasture to the desertification process.

Газарзүйн боловсролын олон улсын харти (2016)-д үнэлгээний үр дүнг сургалтын үйл ажиллагааг сайжруулахад ашиглахын үр нөлөөг өндрөөр үнэлж, сургалтын хөтөлбөр, аргазүйг сайжруулахдаа сурлагын амжилтын болон бусад судалгааны үр дүнд үндэслэхийг уриалах болсон байна. Газарзүйн судлагдахууны хувьд шалгалтын үр дүнд анализ хийн үнэлгээний эргэх холбоог хангах байдал дутмаг байна. Газарзүйн шалгалтын даалгаврын агуулга, бүтэц, тавилыг сайжруулах, тухайн асуулт даалгаварт гарч буй алдааг илрүүлж хөтөлбөр сурах бичиг дэх агуулгын тохирцыг тодорхойлох, багшийн арга зүй, суралцагчийн мэдлэг ойлголтын түвшинг тодорхойлох, даалгавар зохиогчдын ур чадварт анализ хийн, үнэлгээний даалгавраас суралцах, сайжруулах, эргэх холбоог хангахад хувь нэмэр оруулах нь бидний судалгааны үндэслэл болж байна

In recent years, educational institutions have come to recognise that the best way for museums to become centres of learning is for them to develop education programs specifically for children, Considerable effort has been put into studying the theories and methodologies for achieveing this goal, yet there is a severe deficiency in the number of professional staff available to implement it, especially museum education officers. accordingly a special survey was required to provide a realistic account of this deficiency. the survey which included 43 museums nationwide found only 16 museums had specific positions for museum education staff and in the remaining 27 museum staff that are allocated multiple duties as museum guides, treasurers, and research workers.

In recent years, educational institutions have come to recognise that the best way for museums to become centres of learning is for them to develop education programs specifically for children, Considerable effort has been put into studying the theories and methodologies for achieveing this goal, yet there is a severe deficiency in the number of professional staff available to implement it, especially museum education officers. accordingly a special survey was required to provide a realistic account of this deficiency. the survey which included 43 museums nationwide found only 16 museums had specific positions for museum education staff and in the remaining 27 museum staff that are allocated multiple duties as museum guides, treasurers, and research workers.

Museum studies is a wide and important field within the preservation of history and culture, and in many countries throughout the world, the theories and methodologies that pertain to museum studies have considerably developed throughout the years.

There have been discussions to mention that worksheet usage has been greatly influenced way of piloting and implementing of recent curriculum reform in Mongolia. In this study, we are discussing some findings about using worksheet as a formative assessment tool in geography lesson which is both essential to learning and teaching. We used worksheets customized for unit of “Weather and Climate”, “Hydrosphere” in 7th graders of Mongeni Complex school. In the beginning, there has been greater gap between the teacher’s formative assessment and student’s self-assessment. As teacher gives feedback on performance, students started to assess themselves more accurate and fair. By the end, there has been significant progress observed as teachers and student’s assessment has less gap. It is important that teachers to create worksheet based on particular evaluation weight such as Blooms taxonomy as well as the consistency. Systematically planned self-assessment rubric and continuous feedback provides accurate evaluation. Furthermore, it is required to create worksheets based on each child’s need.

This research aims to compare how the herders lifestyle would adapt to the different socio-economic medium that shows how the geographical environment such as predominant climate, water supply, flora and fauna, soil type affect to the variety of livestock’, their toll and quality in Toson gol, Gun khudag, Naran soum, Sukhbaatar province Mongolia and Erdene-Ovoo, Altantogoot village, Naranbulag soum, Xilin gol province, Inner Mongolia, PRC. Also this research highlights change in variety of livestock’, their toll and quality caused by open and fenced pasture management in study areas with similar climate, geographical condition. During the field study, differently controlled pasture and water management in compared areas influenced directly or indirectly to the vegetation cover had noticed. Vegetation mass difference between open and fenced pasture were approximately 550 kg in area of 1 hectare shows that vegetation growth in open pasture were higher than such growth in fenced pasture as probability for spreading and growing of plant seeds in fenced pasture was limited. Vegetation growth stage in area under over-loaded pasture results decrease in early blossom plants. However, transferring plant seeds and growth environment in open pasture area had relatively kept. Its attractable that per Mongolian household takes moves 2 times a year, distance of movement is 5 times more, livestock’ toll is 6 times greater, types of livestock’ 2 times higher, livestock pasture distance 4 times farther comparing to the Inner Mongolian households. According to the data, per Mongolian household stocks their livestock about 19-22 years in average, while per Inner Mongolian household herds for 30-33 years. Since Mongolian political revolution in 1990, number of livestock’ has been growing rapidly, yet, PRC government regulate with policy to controll the growth of livestock’ correspondent to the number of family members and pasture size. In Mongolia, livestock’ varies 5 types, however, in Inner Mongolia, dominant variety of livestock is cattle and sheep, associated with poultry and pig farming. Animal species and its spread to the research area have limited impact for pasturing livestock.

Abstract This research aims to compare how the herders lifestyle would adapt to the different socio-economic medium that shows how the geographical environment such as predominant climate, water supply, flora and fauna, soil type affect to the variety of livestock’, their toll and quality in Toson gol, Gun khudag, Naran soum, Sukhbaatar province Mongolia and Erdene-Ovoo, Altantogoot village, Naranbulag soum, Xilin gol province, Inner Mongolia, PRC. Also this research highlights change in variety of livestock’, their toll and quality caused by open and fenced pasture management in study areas with similar climate, geographical condition. During the field study, differently controlled pasture and water management in compared areas influenced directly or indirectly to the vegetation cover had noticed. Vegetation mass difference between open and fenced pasture were approximately 550 kg in area of 1 hectare shows that vegetation growth in open pasture were higher than such growth in fenced pasture as probability for spreading and growing of plant seeds in fenced pasture was limited. Vegetation growth stage in area under over-loaded pasture results decrease in early blossom plants. However, transferring plant seeds and growth environment in open pasture area had relatively kept. Its attractable that per Mongolian household takes moves 2 times a year, distance of movement is 5 times more, livestock’ toll is 6 times greater, types of livestock’ 2 times higher, livestock pasture distance 4 times farther comparing to the Inner Mongolian households. According to the data, per Mongolian household stocks their livestock about 19-22 years in average, while per Inner Mongolian household herds for 30-33 years. Since Mongolian political revolution in 1990, number of livestock’ has been growing rapidly, yet, PRC government regulate with policy to controll the growth of livestock’ correspondent to the number of family members and pasture size. In Mongolia, livestock’ varies 5 types, however, in Inner Mongolia, dominant variety of livestock is cattle and sheep, associated with poultry and pig farming. Animal species and its spread to the research area have limited impact for pasturing livestock.

This study aims to assess the needs for each target groups in order to strengthen the relevant stakeholders (national, aimag and soum levels), including public sector organisations, community-based organisations, civil society organization, environmental consulting firms, mining companies, as well as herders and local communities; by enhancing their awareness and knowledge of incorporated offsetting of the land degradation, mitigating of the biodiversity hierarchy in Western Mongolia. During this study, applicable laws and environmental safety standards, procedures, guidelines, norms regulating environmental issues of Mongolia implemented syllabuses of environmental programs in Mongolian universities, furthermore, reports from Mongolian and international organizations regarding the land degradation and biodiversity issue had been reviewed and analyzed individually. In several selected soums of Western Mongolia field study has been executed as interviews and evaluated by scorecard. As a result, training syllabus for target groups which are local (for herders and local communities) and national (environmental specialists) levels, and communication plan is being implemented.

This study aims to assess the needs for each target groups in order to strengthen the relevant stakeholders (national, aimag and soum levels), including public sector organisations, community-based organisations, civil society organization, environmental consulting firms, mining companies, as well as herders and local communities; by enhancing their awareness and knowledge of incorporated offsetting of the land degradation, mitigating of the biodiversity hierarchy in Western Mongolia. During this study, applicable laws and environmental safety standards, procedures, guidelines, norms regulating environmental issues of Mongolia implemented syllabuses of environmental programs in Mongolian universities, furthermore, reports from Mongolian and international organizations regarding the land degradation and biodiversity issue had been reviewed and analyzed individually. In several selected soums of Western Mongolia field study has been executed as interviews and evaluated by scorecard. As a result, training syllabus for target groups which are local (for herders and local communities) and national (environmental specialists) levels, and communication plan is being implemented.

his research aims to compare how the herders lifestyle would adapt to the different socio-economic medium that shows how the geographical environment such as predominant climate, water supply, flora and fauna, soil type affect to the variety of livestock’, their toll and quality in Toson gol, Gun khudag, Naran soum, Sukhbaatar province Mongolia and Erdene-Ovoo, Altantogoot village, Naranbulag soum, Xilin gol province, Inner Mongolia, PRC.

Боловсролын чанарын шинэчлэлийн хүрээнд ерөнхий боловсролын газарзүйн сургалтын цөм хөтөлбөр бүрэн шинэчлэгдэн өдгөө хэрэгжиж эхлээд байна. Бүрэн дунд боловсролын газарзүйн сургалтын заавал судлах хөтөлбөрийн агуулгыг Финлянд улсад хэрэгжиж эхэлсэн хөтөлбөрийн агуулгатай харьцуулан судлав. Тус судалгааны хүрээнд, 1-рт, агуулгын шинж чанар, 2-рт, суралцахуйн зорилтыг шинжлэн, бүрэн дунд боловсролын газарзүйн сургалтын цөм хөтөлбөрийн агуулга Финлянлын сургалтын хөтөлбөртэй хэрхэн дүйж байгааг судлав. Цаашид хичээлээр олгогдож буй агуулгад шинжилгээ хийх, багш нар суралцахуйн зорилтыг хэрхэн ээлжит хичээлийн зорилго зорилтод тусгаж байгааг судлах шаардлагатай байгааг олж харлаа.