Бидний тухай
Багш ажилтан
This study examines the internal and macroeconomic determinants of bank stability in Mongolia using a dynamic panel data framework. Focusing on ten commercial banks over the period 2014–2024, the analysis employs a system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to address endogeneity, unobserved bank-specific heterogeneity, and dynamic adjustment effects. Bank stability is measured using the Z-score, while the explanatory variables include key bank-specific characteristics, such as deposit structure, liquidity, lending activity, credit risk, and efficiency, alongside macroeconomic indicators of economic growth and inflation. The system GMM results indicate limited persistence in bank stability, suggesting that stability adjusts rapidly to contemporaneous bank-specific fundamentals and macroeconomic conditions rather than being strongly path dependent. Among internal factors, the deposit ratio and non-performing loan ratio exert significant negative effects on bank stability, underscoring the destabilizing role of excessive reliance on deposits and credit risk. In contrast, higher lending activity is found to enhance stability, reflecting improved income generation when credit risk is effectively managed. Operational inefficiency is associated with lower stability, underscoring the importance of sound cost and revenue management. Macroeconomic conditions also play a significant role. GDP growth is negatively associated with bank stability, indicating potential risk-taking and credit expansion during economic booms. In contrast, inflation is positively associated, suggesting that moderate inflation may support bank earnings and balance-sheet strength in the short run. Standard diagnostic tests confirm the validity of the system GMM specification and the robustness of the estimated results.
This study investigates the determinants of deposit accumulation in a highly concentrated and commodity-dependent emerging banking system, using Mongolian 10 commercial banks over the period 2014–2024. While the existing literature largely emphasizes deposit rate pass-through and pricing incentives, primarily in advanced economies, limited evidence examines deposit volume determination within a dynamic liability-side framework in emerging markets undergoing financial diversification. This study addresses this gap by employing panel estimation techniques that emphasize both fixed-effects and system generalized method of moments (GMM) approaches to identify the drivers of deposit behavior. The fixed-effects model demonstrates strong within-bank explanatory power and highlights the prominent role of funding cost intensity, bank stability, income growth, and exchange-rate dynamics. To account for persistence and potential endogeneity, the analysis further applies system GMM, which confirms substantial deposit inertia and reinforces the robustness of the core relationships. Across specifications, deposit rates exert a statistically significant negative effect, supporting a funding-cost channel interpretation rather than a deposit-rate elasticity mechanism. Bank stability is also negatively associated with deposit size, reflecting capital restructuring and intensified competition from expanding non-bank financial institutions. In contrast, household monetary income growth and real effective exchange rate appreciation positively influence deposit accumulation. Overall, the findings suggest that deposit accumulation in concentrated emerging banking systems is primarily driven by funding discipline and income-based liquidity demand rather than by short-run macroeconomic fluctuations. These results refine intermediation and monetary transmission frameworks by highlighting the importance of liability-side constraints in shaping deposit dynamics.
This paper examines the factors that influence the profitability of banks in Mongolia. As most literature shows, a bank’s return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are considered measures of profitability. The study explores various internal and external drivers of profitability, including bank size, deposit ratio, capital adequacy, liquidity, operational efficiency, the annual growth rate of the gross domestic product, inflation, and the concentration ratio. At the time of the study, 12 banks were operating in Mongolia. However, due to data availability, unbalanced panel data from 9 commercial banks spanning 2014–2024 are used to identify the factors influencing bank profitability. We employed Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (Pooled OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Random Effect (RE) models. Empirical findings indicate that liquidity has a positive and significant impact, while operational efficiency and capital adequacy have negative and significant effects on banking profitability. Deposits have a negative impact across all models; however, their effect on ROE, as a profitability measure, is statistically significant at the 1% level. Bank size shows a positive and significant impact on ROE, but its influence on ROA is insignificant. The concentration ratio is negative and significant at 1% in all estimated models. We recommend that commercial banks manage assets efficiently and operate optimally to increase profits and ensure sustainability. Additionally, banking policymakers should consider these measures when making decisions. This research is unique because it is one of the few studies examining the profitability determinants of Mongolian commercial banks, contributing to the literature in this area.
This study investigates the determinants of deposit accumulation in a highly concentrated and commodity-dependent emerging banking system, using Mongolian 10 commercial banks over the period 2014–2024. While the existing literature largely emphasizes deposit rate pass-through and pricing incentives, primarily in advanced economies, limited evidence examines deposit volume determination within a dynamic liability-side framework in emerging markets undergoing financial diversification. This study addresses this gap by employing panel estimation techniques that emphasize both fixed-effects and system generalized method of moments (GMM) approaches to identify the drivers of deposit behavior. The fixed-effects model demonstrates strong within-bank explanatory power and highlights the prominent role of funding cost intensity, bank stability, income growth, and exchange-rate dynamics. To account for persistence and potential endogeneity, the analysis further applies system GMM, which confirms substantial deposit inertia and reinforces the robustness of the core relationships. Across specifications, deposit rates exert a statistically significant negative effect, supporting a funding-cost channel interpretation rather than a deposit-rate elasticity mechanism. Bank stability is also negatively associated with deposit size, reflecting capital restructuring and intensified competition from expanding non-bank financial institutions. In contrast, household monetary income growth and real effective exchange rate appreciation positively influence deposit accumulation. Overall, the findings suggest that deposit accumulation in concentrated emerging banking systems is primarily driven by funding discipline and income-based liquidity demand rather than by short-run macroeconomic fluctuations. These results refine intermediation and monetary transmission frameworks by highlighting the importance of liability-side constraints in shaping deposit dynamics.
Маркетингийн стратеги нь бизнесийн үйл ажиллагааны орлого, ашгийг тодорхойлоход нөлөө үзүүлдэг, олон асуудлыг хамардаг чухал хүчин зүйл гэдгийг мэддэг ч тоон үзүүлэлтээр бизнесийн орлого, ашигт хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тэр бүр тооцдоггүй, тайлагнадаггүй. Тэгэхээр энэ судалгааны ажлаар компанийн авч хэрэгжүүлж буй маркетингийн зардал нь санхүүгийн гүйцэтгэлийн үзүүлэлтүүд болох борлуулалт, үйл ажиллагааны зардал болон цэвэр ашигт хэрхэн нөлөөлдгийг судлах, улмаар урт хугацаанд компанийн хувьцааны үнэлгээ, нийт хөрөнгийн өгөөж болон өөрийн хөрөнгийн өгөөжид хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тодорхойлох зорилго тавьсан. MХБ-ийн А болон Б индексэд багтсан компаниудын санхүүгийн тайлангийн үзүүлэлтүүдээс маркетингийн зардал борлуулалтын орлого, хөрөнгийн өгөөж, хувьцааны үнэлгээг өсгөхөд ямар нөлөө үзүүлснийг МХБ-ийн мэдээлэлд үндэслэн судалсан болно.
The marketing strategy is essential input for the businesses to increase its revenue and profit, and it is rare for companies to evaluate marketing contribution quantitatively and financially. In this study, I reviewed literatures related to the metrics which measures marketing effects on financial performance and aimed to determine whether the marketing expense had influenced to the stock price in the long term based on the financial statements of MSE A and B companies.
