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Багш ажилтан
Countries have made developing a results-based management system a top priority, strengthening governance and increasing transparency, openness, and accountability as they strive for people-centered, sustainable development. Therefore, countries regard results-based management as the primary means of achieving sustainable development, and each country is developing and implementing methods and methodologies tailored to its own characteristics. There is a need to develop and implement result-based development policies and planning, aligning national and local budgets, organizational strategies, and performance planning. Results-based integrated planning is a core component of results-based integrated management and is the process of analyzing the present and past and planning for the future.
Since the 1990s, weak government has led to increased private sector activity. Many private universities have been established and the number of students has increased by 7-10. Due to the lack of quality assurance in education, a new higher education law was enacted in 1995, which provided for quality. Accreditation and credit hours were established to improve quality. In Japan, gender differences are still observed in most areas of education and in the labor market. In particular, the proportion of women in first-time tertiary education (university graduates) is low. Three out of four young people in Japan have a tertiary education (usually a short-term or bachelor's degree). Japanese university students have to pay high tuition fees, and few students receive formal assistance. Japan has one of the highest rates of higher education in the world.1 Key words accreditation, credit system, Japanese government policy, economic growth, people's requests.
THE RISE AND THE CIVIL MOVEMENT IN MONGOLIA: 2004-2008 The Mongolian Democratic Movement, which occurred in the mid- 2000s, aimed at reforming Mongolian socialism. However, subsequent historical processes have distorted this view. The main reason for this was the influx of external capitalism using aid as a level. Citizen movement's leaders, frustrated by the slow progress in achieving their goals, turned into a political mob. As a result, it lost support from the public.
Abstract Within the scope of this research, using the quantitative data of 88 quarters of Mongolian budget income and expenditure for 2020-2021, the structural effect was divided into two parts: pre-pandemic and post-pandemic, which were shown in the budget income and expenditure portfolio using the Markovitch portfolio choice model. Optimum values are obtained through programming or optimization, and how much the optimal value deviates from the original value is analyzed by the one-sigma rule. According to the results of the survey, the pandemic had a 48 percent impact on budget expenditures and 32 percent on budget revenue. Therefore, to improve budget efficiency, budget spending should be implemented effectively. In particular, policymakers should pay attention to the gradual increase in investment in the health and education sectors.
Foreign trade is a “mirror” of the historical situation of a country. From foreign trade turnover, trading partners, the structure of export and import goods, and trade flows, it is possible to make conclusions about the country’s industrialization, acquired technology, consumption of the population, the standard of living and development. In this article, we intended to make a conclusion that the characteristics of Mongolia's social and economic situation, production, trade, and consumption at that time were determined, through the historical conditions of Mongolia's foreign trade at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as how foreign trade and foreign trade policies influenced the country's choice of a new path of historical development.
Abstract: After the new Manchuria state established in 1916 annexed China, Khalkh carried out a policy of conquering Mongolia from 1644 to 1691, conquering Upper Mongolia in 1691 and Western Mongolia in 1755. During the time when the Manchus kept the Mongols under their oppression from the XYII-early XX century, they collected more than 20 types of services and tributes from the Mongols, in addition to imposing the Nine White Service, they collected the necessary expenses for the Manchurian administration and temples, and sent Mongolian citizens to horse stations, expenses, and communication offices. The office was closed. During the period under Manchurian oppression, the economy and livelihood of the Mongols became unbearable, so they were able to gain independence in 1911 through a rebellion and struggle.
As a result of the prolonged struggle for national independence, the Mongolian people, who endured over two centuries of oppression under Manchurian rule, regained sovereignty in 1911 and established the Republic of Mongolia. During this period, significant economic, social, and political reforms were initiated, laying the groundwork for the national financial system. This article examines the social, political, and economic landscape during the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Research into the tax and financial policies implemented during this period was conducted using historical documents and sources. Within the framework of Mongolian governmental financial policies, five ministries were established, accompanied by the enactment and implementation of various regulations about finance, taxation, and customs. Efforts were made to enhance state revenue; however, the accumulation of debt owed to foreign moneylenders and merchants, coupled with the taxation burden on Mongolian citizens, including payments to domestic nobles and religious institutions, exacerbated poverty and economic hardship among the populace. In June 1915, the autonomy of Mongolia, as stipulated in the treaty between Russia, Mongolia, and China, was abolished in 1919, resulting in the reassertion of foreign control over Mongolian governance.
Япон улс 1973 он хүртэлх эдийн засгийн огцом хөгжлөөрөө дэлхийн өндөр хөгжилтэй хоёр дахь улс болсон. Үүний зэрэгцээ их дээд сургууль, оюутан сурагчдын тоо ч нэмэгдэж байлаа. Гэхдээ, 1973 оноос хойш эдийн засгийн өсөлт зогсож, тогтворжуулах бодлогод шилжсэн юм. Японы дээд боловсролын байгууллагууд дэлхий нийтийн даяарчлалын үндсэн дээр өрсөлдөөнд нэгдэн оролцож байна. Нөгөө талаар, их сургуулийн хаалттай бүсэд шахагдан орох жижиг дунд их дээд сургууль ч гарах болж, түүнээс үлдсэн бодлого ч байсаар байна. Японд боловсролын ихэнх салбарт, хөдөлмөрийн зах зээлд ч урьдын адил хүйсийн ялгаа ажиглагддаг. Ялангуяа анх удаа дээд боловсрол эзэмшигчид (Их сургууль төгсөгчид)-д эзлэх эмэгтэйчүүдийн харьцаа доогуур. Японы залуучуудын 4 хүн тутмын 3 нь амьдралынхаа явцад дээд боловсрол (Ихэвчлэн богино хугацааны болон бакалаврын сургалт) эзэмшдэг гэж болно. Японы дээд боловсролын сургуулийн оюутнууд сургалтын өндөр төлбөр төлөх шаардлагатай бөгөөд албан ёсны тусламж дэмжлэг авдаг оюутан цөөхөн.
1990 он хүртэлх Монголын Дээд Боловсролын зорилго нь мэргэжилтэн бэлтгэх, багш төвтэй сургалт явагдаж байсан. Гэвч эдийн засгийн хямрал ба нийгмийн эмх замбараагүй байдлаас болж боловсролын хямрал бий болсон. Нийгмийн давхаргын ихэнх хүмүүс ядуу давхарга руу шилжиж, тэдгээр хүмүүс нь боловсрол эзэмших боломжгүй болсон. 1990 оноос хойш хувийн их дээд сургуулиуд байгуулагдаж, боловсрол суралцагч төвтэй болж өөрчлөгдсөн. Боловсролын хувьчлалаар хувь хүмүүс болон байгууллага боловсролын салбарт орж ирснээр тус секторын хямралыг нэмэгдүүлэхэд хүргэсэн. Түлхүүр үг: дээд боловсрол, дээд боловсролын зорилго, оюутан төвтэй сургалт, боловсролын хууль, эдийн засгийн хямрал
Монголын ба Японы дээд боловсролын зарим асуудал
Бүгд Найрамдах Болгар Улс дахь Күнзийн сургуулийн өнөөгийн байдал
Монгол бичиг үсэггүй байдлыг халсан түүхэн үйл явц: Шашны, танхимын, сургуулийн боловсрол.
